Yardim Caglar, Gerstoft Peter, Hodgkiss William S
Marine Physical Laboratory, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California 92093-0238, USA.
J Acoust Soc Am. 2009 Feb;125(2):746-60. doi: 10.1121/1.3050280.
This paper incorporates tracking techniques such as the extended Kalman, unscented Kalman, and particle (PF) filters into geoacoustic inversion problems. This enables spatial and temporal tracking of environmental parameters and their underlying probability densities, making geoacoustic tracking a natural extension to geoacoustic inversion techniques. Water column and seabed properties are tracked in simulation for both vertical (VLA) and horizontal (HLA) line arrays using the three tracking filters. Filter performances are compared in terms of filter efficiencies using the posterior Cramer-Rao lower bound. Tracking capabilities of the geoacoustic filters under slowly and quickly changing environments are studied in terms of divergence statistics. Geoacoustic tracking can provide continuously environmental estimates and their uncertainties using only a fraction of the computational power of classical geoacoustic inversion schemes. Interfilter comparison show that while a high-particle-number PF outperforms the Kalman filters, there are many cases where all three filters perform equally well depending on the inversion configuration (such as the HLA versus VLA and frequency) and the tracked parameters.
本文将诸如扩展卡尔曼滤波器、无迹卡尔曼滤波器和粒子滤波器（PF）等跟踪技术纳入地声反演问题中。这使得能够对环境参数及其潜在概率密度进行空间和时间跟踪，从而使地声跟踪成为地声反演技术的自然扩展。利用这三种跟踪滤波器，在模拟中对垂直（VLA）和水平（HLA）线阵列的水柱和海底特性进行了跟踪。使用后验克拉美罗下界，从滤波效率方面比较了滤波器性能。根据地声滤波器在缓慢和快速变化环境下的发散统计数据，研究了其跟踪能力。地声跟踪仅使用经典地声反演方案计算能力的一小部分，就能提供连续的环境估计及其不确定性。滤波器间的比较表明，虽然高粒子数的PF优于卡尔曼滤波器，但在许多情况下，根据反演配置（如HLA与VLA以及频率）和跟踪参数，这三种滤波器的性能都同样良好。
