Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
Mycoses. 2009 Jul;52(4):304-12. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2008.01667.x. Epub 2009 Jan 21.
Skin infection caused by dermatophytes is called tinea. In this short review, the known mechanisms and factors involved in human tinea and important for the host response are briefly delineated. To establish tinea, fungal propagules must attach to the skin, germinate and overcome the epidermal barrier. Keratinases and other enzymes are released in this process and host keratinocytes are activated. This is followed by an inflammatory response mediated by a plentitude of cytokines and receptors, comprising innate as well as acquired immunity, including neutrophilic granulocytes, macrophages, antibodies and T cells. Cellular defence mechanisms appear to be decisive for clearing of infection. Nails and hair follicles are the particular sites often invaded by dermatophytes that show distinctive patterns of infection. Nails are largely excluded from defence mechanisms and steroid hormones of the pilosebaceous units may have a particular effect on follicular infection. Fungal invasion of the dermis can cause granulomatous reactions. Immune reactions to dermatophytes may lead to sterile eruptions distant from the infected skin areas.
由皮肤癣菌引起的皮肤感染称为癣。在这篇简短的综述中，简要描述了已知的人类癣的机制和相关因素，这些因素对宿主反应很重要。要建立癣，真菌孢子必须附着在皮肤上，发芽并克服表皮屏障。在此过程中会释放角质酶和其他酶，宿主角朊细胞被激活。随后，由大量细胞因子和受体介导的炎症反应，包括先天和获得性免疫，包括嗜中性粒细胞、巨噬细胞、抗体和 T 细胞。细胞防御机制似乎对清除感染起决定性作用。指甲和毛囊是皮肤癣菌经常入侵的特定部位，其感染模式具有特征性。指甲在很大程度上被排除在防御机制之外，皮脂腺的类固醇激素可能对毛囊感染有特殊作用。真菌对真皮的侵袭可引起肉芽肿反应。对皮肤癣菌的免疫反应可导致远离感染皮肤区域的无菌性皮疹。
