Guo Li-bin, Zheng Xiao-hua, Wang Jing-wen, Wang Zhong-hai, Geng Shuang, Chen Xin-yuan, Ye Jun-jie
Department of Ophthalmology, PUMC Hospital, CAMS and PUMC, Beijing 100730, China.
Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao. 2007 Aug;29(4):538-42.
To investigate the incidence of myopic retinopathy and its risk factors.
The fundus of 1449 patients (2879 eyes) with myopia were retrospectively examined. The clinical relationship between myopic retinopathy and diopter, age, and sex was analyzed.
Myopic retinopathy was detected in 413 eyes (14.35%). Posterior pole retinal lesions were detected in 22 eyes (0.76%). Peripheral retinal lesions were found in 396 eyes (13.75%). According to their diopters, the myopic patients were divided into four groups: low, medium, high and super high myopia The incidence of peripheral retinal lesions was 4.18%, 8.72%, 19.18%, and 37.44% in these four groups, which significantly different (chi2 = 178.594, P<0.001). By age these patients were divided into three groups: I group, age <25; II group, age 25-34; III group, age >34. The incidences of peripheral retinal lesions in these three groups were 8.11%, 15.34%, and 24.59%, which were significantly different (chi2 = 76.090, P<0.001). The incidence of retinal lesion in male and female was 9.32% and 16.07%, respectively, which was significantly different (chi2 = 24.886, P<0.001). Posteriorpole retinal lesions were only detected in the highly or super highly myopic patients, all of them were more than 25 years. The incidence of posteriorpole retinal lesions in the highly and super highly myopia group was 0.86% and 6.67% respectively, which was significantly different (chi2 = 31.898, P<0.001). The incidence of posteriorpole retinal lesions in group II and group III was 0.55% and 3.55% respectively, which was significantly different (chi2 = 22.523, P<0.001).
The prevalence of retinal lesions in myopic patients is higher than that of emmetropia. The incidence of peripheral retinal lesions increases in patients with deeper diopters. Posterior pole retinal lesions usually occur in the myopic patients whose age are more than 25 years and diopter more than - 6.00 D. Careful examination of fundus is essential for early detection and timely treatment.
探讨近视性视网膜病变的发病率及其危险因素。
对1449例近视患者（2879只眼）的眼底进行回顾性检查。分析近视性视网膜病变与屈光度、年龄及性别的临床关系。
检出近视性视网膜病变413只眼（14.35%）。后极部视网膜病变22只眼（0.76%）。周边视网膜病变396只眼（13.75%）。根据屈光度将近视患者分为低度、中度、高度和超高度近视四组，这四组周边视网膜病变的发生率分别为4.18%、8.72%、19.18%和37.44%，差异有统计学意义（χ2=178.594，P<0.001）。按年龄将患者分为三组：Ⅰ组，年龄<25岁；Ⅱ组，年龄25～34岁；Ⅲ组，年龄>34岁。这三组周边视网膜病变的发生率分别为8.11%、15.34%和24.59%，差异有统计学意义（χ2=76.090，P<0.001）。男性和女性视网膜病变的发生率分别为9.32%和16.07%，差异有统计学意义（χ2=24.886，P<0.001）。后极部视网膜病变仅在高度或超高度近视患者中检出，均超过25岁。高度和超高度近视组后极部视网膜病变的发生率分别为0.86%和6.67%，差异有统计学意义（χ2=31.898，P<0.001）。Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组后极部视网膜病变的发生率分别为0.55%和3.55%，差异有统计学意义（χ2=22.523，P<0.001）。
近视患者视网膜病变的患病率高于正视眼。屈光度越深的患者周边视网膜病变的发生率越高。后极部视网膜病变通常发生在年龄超过25岁、屈光度超过-6.00D的近视患者中。仔细的眼底检查对于早期发现和及时治疗至关重要。
