Hill Richard C, Choate Christina J, Scott Karen C, Molenberghs Geert
Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2009 Feb 1;234(3):347-51. doi: 10.2460/javma.234.3.347.
To compare guaranteed and measured concentrations of nutrients in commercial pet foods.
Cross-sectional study.
Annual inspection reports of pet food analyses from 5 states.
Guaranteed and measured concentrations of crude protein (CP), crude fat (CF), crude fiber (CFb), moisture, and ash in pet foods were compared. The concentration difference for each nutrient was compared among types of food, target species, target life stages, manufacturers, and laboratories.
The guaranteed and measured concentrations of nutrients were significantly different. For all foods, mean concentration differences were as follows: CP, 1.5%; CF, 1.0%; CFb, -0.7%; moisture, -4.0%; and ash, -0.5%. Crude protein difference for treats was significantly larger than differences for dry and canned foods. Crude fat difference for dry foods was significantly less than differences for canned foods and treats. Crude fiber and moisture differences for canned foods were significantly less than the corresponding differences for dry foods and treats. Only CFb differences differed among target species, life stages, manufacturers, or laboratories.
Addition of 1.5% and 1% to the guaranteed minimums for CP and CF, respectively; subtraction of 0.7%, 4%, and 0.5% from the guaranteed maximums for CFb, moisture, and ash, respectively; and addition of 0.23 kcal/g to the as-fed metabolizable energy value calculated by use of modified Atwater factors from guaranteed analyses provides a more accurate estimate of the nutrient and metabolizable energy content of commercial pet foods. Nevertheless, the actual composition of a food should be determined whenever possible.
比较商业宠物食品中营养成分的保证含量与实测含量。
横断面研究。
来自5个州的宠物食品分析年度检查报告。
比较宠物食品中粗蛋白（CP）、粗脂肪（CF）、粗纤维（CFb）、水分和灰分的保证含量与实测含量。比较每种营养成分在食品类型、目标物种、目标生命阶段、制造商和实验室之间的浓度差异。
营养成分的保证含量与实测含量存在显著差异。对于所有食品，平均浓度差异如下：CP为1.5%；CF为1.0%；CFb为-0.7%；水分 为-4.0%；灰分为-0.5%。零食的粗蛋白差异显著大于干粮和罐头食品的差异。干粮的粗脂肪差异显著小于罐头食品和零食的差异。罐头食品的粗纤维和水分差异显著小于干粮和零食的相应差异。只有CFb差异在目标物种、生命阶段、制造商或实验室之间有所不同。
分别在CP和CF的保证最低含量基础上增加1.5%和1%；分别在CFb、水分和灰分的保证最高含量基础上减去0.7%、4%和0.5%；并在根据保证分析中修正的阿特沃特因子计算的采食状态下的可代谢能量值基础上增加0.23千卡/克，可更准确地估计商业宠物食品的营养成分和可代谢能量含量。然而，只要有可能，都应确定食品的实际成分。
