Krznaric Erik, Verbruggen Nathalie, Wevers Jan H L, Carleer Robert, Vangronsveld Jaco, Colpaert Jan V
Environmental Biology Group, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan, Gebouw D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
Environ Pollut. 2009 May;157(5):1581-8. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.12.030. Epub 2009 Feb 10.
Soil metal pollution can trigger evolutionary adaptation in soil-borne organisms. An in vitro screening test showed cadmium adaptation in populations of Suillus luteus (L.: Fr.) Roussel, an ectomycorrhizal fungus of pine trees. Cadmium stress was subsequently investigated in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings inoculated with a Cd-tolerant S. luteus, isolated from a heavy metal contaminated site, and compared to plants inoculated with a Cd-sensitive isolate from a non-polluted area. A dose-response experiment with mycorrhizal pines showed better plant protection by a Cd-adapted fungus: more fungal biomass and a higher nutrient uptake at high Cd exposure. In addition, less Cd was transferred to aboveground plant parts. Because of the key role of the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis for tree fitness, the evolution of Cd tolerance in an ectomycorrhizal partner such as S. luteus can be of major importance for the establishment of pine forests on Cd-contaminated soils.
土壤金属污染可引发土壤生物的进化适应。一项体外筛选试验表明，松树外生菌根真菌黄粘盖牛肝菌（Suillus luteus (L.: Fr.) Roussel）的种群对镉产生了适应性。随后，对接种了从重金属污染场地分离出的耐镉黄粘盖牛肝菌的苏格兰松（Pinus sylvestris L.）幼苗进行了镉胁迫研究，并与接种了从非污染地区分离出的镉敏感菌株的植物进行了比较。一项针对菌根化松树的剂量反应实验表明，适应镉的真菌对植物具有更好的保护作用：在高镉暴露条件下，真菌生物量更多，养分吸收更高。此外，转移到地上植物部分的镉更少。由于外生菌根共生对树木适应性的关键作用，像黄粘盖牛肝菌这样的外生菌根伙伴中镉耐受性的进化对于在镉污染土壤上建立松林可能至关重要。
