Staes J, Rubarenzya M H, Meire P, Willems P
Ecosystem Management Research Group, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.
Water Sci Technol. 2009;59(3):433-41. doi: 10.2166/wst.2009.884.
The paper presents findings of a conjunctive hydrological and ecological study into habitat restoration and catchment hydrology. Physically-based, fully distributed hydrological modelling was coupled with spatial analysis and wetland scenario generation techniques to simulate potential effects of restoring lower, middle, and upper catchment wetlands. In the past, anthropogenic interference of this catchments' landscape for agriculture and settlement has left most wetland areas drained, and brought the natural functioning of the ecosystem into conflict with human needs. Many eco-hydrology studies conclude that such disturbances result in a more extreme hydrological regime. The study objectives were to develop and study innovative methods for habitat restoration, and understand the potential hydrological impacts of each approach. The study aims to analyze the scenarios and whether the hydrological response is influenced by the topological placement of the restoration sites. Land-use change scenarios are developed on the basis of physical characteristics and consider the credibility of transitions from current land-use. This study focused on the position of the wetlands in the catchment and hydrological typology. Wetland restoration scenarios are created for different geographical settings within the catchment. A distinction is made between groundwater dependent wetlands and wetlands that are influenced by in-stream water tables or surface water inundations. Results show that there is little effect on the total annual water budget. The results point to river valley rewetting as having the effect of decreasing the paved overland component of stream flow, and increasing the saturated zone flow component. It promoted groundwater recharge. There was no increase of peak flows due to headwater wetlands, contrary to some sources (Bullock & Acreman 2003). The catchments' actual evapotranspiration and root zone water responses were found to be varied over the analysis points, and were the consequence of a number of factors. As a second conclusion we point out the main knowledge gaps and demerits that could compromise the modelling exercise. Land-use classification for hydrological modelling is subject to important ambiguities. Different maps often have different class definitions and methods for classification. Many in-between land use/land cover types do not fit any particular class definition in map classification. Wetlands were often found to be classified as grassland, leaf forest, or open water. How do we deal with the diversity of wetland types and how to incorporate their specific hydrological behaviour in models? These issues will be thoroughly illustrated for the case of the Grote Nete and put in a larger perspective.
本文介绍了一项关于栖息地恢复与集水区水文的联合水文与生态研究的结果。基于物理过程的全分布式水文模型与空间分析和湿地情景生成技术相结合，以模拟恢复集水区下游、中游和上游湿地的潜在影响。过去，该集水区的景观因农业和定居点的人为干扰而导致大多数湿地地区干涸，使生态系统的自然功能与人类需求产生冲突。许多生态水文学研究得出结论，这种干扰会导致更极端的水文状况。研究目标是开发和研究栖息地恢复的创新方法，并了解每种方法的潜在水文影响。该研究旨在分析情景以及水文响应是否受恢复地点的拓扑位置影响。土地利用变化情景是根据物理特征制定的，并考虑了从当前土地利用转变的可信度。本研究重点关注湿地在集水区中的位置和水文类型。针对集水区内不同的地理环境创建了湿地恢复情景。区分了依赖地下水的湿地和受河流水位或地表水淹没影响的湿地。结果表明，对年总水量预算影响不大。结果表明，河谷再湿润具有减少水流中铺砌的地表径流成分、增加饱和带径流成分的作用。它促进了地下水补给。与一些研究结果（布洛克和阿克曼，2003年）相反，源头湿地并未导致洪峰流量增加。在分析点上，发现集水区的实际蒸散和根区水分响应各不相同，这是多种因素造成的。作为第二个结论，我们指出了可能影响建模工作的主要知识空白和不足之处。用于水文建模的土地利用分类存在重大模糊性。不同的地图通常有不同的类别定义和分类方法。许多介于土地利用/土地覆盖类型之间的类型在地图分类中不符合任何特定的类别定义。湿地常常被归类为草地、阔叶林或开阔水域。我们如何处理湿地类型的多样性以及如何将其特定的水文行为纳入模型？这些问题将以格罗特内特河为例进行详细说明，并从更宏观的角度进行探讨。
