Heiss Egon, Natchev Nikolay, Rabanser Alexander, Weisgram Josef, Hilgers Helge
Department of Theoretical Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
J Morphol. 2009 Jul;270(7):892-902. doi: 10.1002/jmor.10728.
Histological and ultrastructural investigations revealed three different multicellular skin gland types in the salamandrid Pleurodeles waltl. The mucous glands are small, with one layer of secretory cells surrounding a central lumen; they produce the viscous and slippery mucus film that has various functions in amphibians. The serous glands can be divided based on their histological and ultrastructural characters into the granular gland Type I (GGI) and the granular gland Type II (GGII). The first type (GGI) is moderately sized and distributed throughout the body surface, with higher concentrations in the parotoid and back regions. In contrast, the second type (GGII) is very large (for Pleurodeles) and was found only in the tail, with highest concentration in the tail dorsum. Both granular gland types contain mainly proteinaceous materials but differ in their morphological features including size, shape, cellular organization and vesicle distribution, vesicle size and vesicle shape. Both GGI and GGII are especially concentrated in body parts that are presented to an attacking predator and are hypothesized to produce repellent to poisonous substances to thwart potential aggressors.
组织学和超微结构研究揭示了蝾螈（Pleurodeles waltl）中三种不同的多细胞皮肤腺类型。黏液腺较小，有一层分泌细胞围绕着中央管腔；它们产生黏性且滑溜的黏液膜，这在两栖动物中具有多种功能。浆液腺可根据其组织学和超微结构特征分为颗粒腺I型（GGI）和颗粒腺II型（GGII）。第一种类型（GGI）大小适中，分布于整个体表，在耳后腺和背部区域浓度较高。相比之下，第二种类型（GGII）非常大（对于肋突螈来说），仅在尾部发现，在尾背部浓度最高。两种颗粒腺类型主要都含有蛋白质类物质，但在形态特征上有所不同，包括大小、形状、细胞组织和囊泡分布、囊泡大小和囊泡形状。GGI和GGII都特别集中在展示给攻击型捕食者的身体部位，据推测会产生对有毒物质的驱避剂以挫败潜在攻击者。
