Chinchar V G, Hyatt A, Miyazaki T, Williams T
Department of Microbiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2009;328:123-70. doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-68618-7_4.
Members of the family Iridoviridae infect a diverse array of invertebrate and cold-blooded vertebrate hosts and are currently viewed as emerging pathogens of fish and amphibians. Iridovirid replication is unique and involves both nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments, a circularly permuted, terminally redundant genome that, in the case of vertebrate iridoviruses, is also highly methylated, and the efficient shutoff of host macromolecular synthesis. Although initially neglected largely due to the perceived lack of health, environmental, and economic concerns, members of the genus Ranavirus, and the newly recognized genus Megalocytivirus, are rapidly attracting growing interest due to their involvement in amphibian population declines and their adverse impacts on aquaculture. Herein we describe the molecular and genetic basis of viral replication, pathogenesis, and immunity, and discuss viral ecology with reference to members from each of the invertebrate and vertebrate genera.
虹彩病毒科的成员感染各种各样的无脊椎动物和冷血脊椎动物宿主，目前被视为鱼类和两栖动物的新兴病原体。虹彩病毒的复制是独特的，涉及细胞核和细胞质区室，其基因组是环状排列、末端冗余的，对于脊椎动物虹彩病毒来说，该基因组还高度甲基化，并且能有效阻断宿主大分子合成。尽管由于人们认为其对健康、环境和经济缺乏影响，虹彩病毒最初在很大程度上被忽视，但蛙病毒属的成员以及新确认的肿大细胞病毒属，由于它们与两栖动物种群数量下降有关以及对水产养殖的不利影响，正迅速吸引越来越多的关注。在此，我们描述病毒复制、发病机制和免疫的分子和遗传基础，并参考无脊椎动物和脊椎动物各属的成员讨论病毒生态学。
