Steelman Toddi A, Hess George R
Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8008, USA.
Environ Manage. 2009 Jul;44(1):93-104. doi: 10.1007/s00267-009-9272-1. Epub 2009 Feb 14.
High quality plans are considered a crucial part of good land use planning and often used as a proxy measure for success in plan implementation and goal attainment. We explored the relationship of open space plan quality to the implementation of open space plans and attainment of open space protection goals in Research Triangle, North Carolina, USA. To measure plan quality, we used a standard plan evaluation matrix that we modified to focus on open space plans. We evaluated all open space plans in the region that contained a natural resource protection element. To measure plan implementation and open space protection, we developed an online survey and administered it to open space planners charged with implementing the plans. The survey elicited each planner's perspective on aspects of open space protection in his or her organization. The empirical results (1) indicate that success in implementation and attaining goals are not related to plan quality, (2) highlight the importance of when and how stakeholders are involved in planning and implementation processes, and (3) raise questions about the relationship of planning to implementation. These results suggest that a technically excellent plan does not guarantee the long-term relationships among local land owners, political and appointed officials, and other organizations that are crucial to meeting land protection goals. A greater balance of attention to the entire decision process and building relationships might lead to more success in protecting open space.
高质量的规划被视为良好土地利用规划的关键部分，并且常被用作衡量规划实施和目标达成情况的替代指标。我们在美国北卡罗来纳州的研究三角区探讨了开放空间规划质量与开放空间规划实施以及开放空间保护目标达成之间的关系。为了衡量规划质量，我们使用了一个标准的规划评估矩阵，并对其进行了修改，使其专注于开放空间规划。我们评估了该地区所有包含自然资源保护要素的开放空间规划。为了衡量规划实施和开放空间保护情况，我们设计了一项在线调查，并将其发放给负责实施这些规划的开放空间规划者。该调查获取了每位规划者对其所在组织中开放空间保护各方面的看法。实证结果表明：（1）实施的成功与否以及目标的达成与规划质量无关；（2）凸显了利益相关者参与规划和实施过程的时间和方式的重要性；（3）引发了关于规划与实施关系的问题。这些结果表明，一份技术上出色的规划并不能保证当地土地所有者、政治官员和指定官员以及其他组织之间建立起对实现土地保护目标至关重要的长期关系。更加平衡地关注整个决策过程并建立关系可能会在保护开放空间方面取得更大成功。
