Ferreres Federico, Fernandes Fátima, Oliveira Jorge M A, Valentão Patrícia, Pereira José A, Andrade Paula B
Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS (CSIC), P.O. Box 164, 30100 Campus University Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
Food Chem Toxicol. 2009 Jun;47(6):1209-20. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.02.014. Epub 2009 Feb 20.
Phenolic and organic acid profiles of aqueous extracts from Pieris brassicae material and the host kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala) leaves were determined by HPLC/UV-DAD/MS(n)-ESI and HPLC-UV, respectively. The identified phenolics included acylated and nonacylated flavonoid glycosides, hydroxycinnamic acyl gentiobiosides, and sulphate phenolics. Kale exhibited the highest content (11g/kg lyophilized extract), while no phenolics were identified in the butterflies or exuviae. Nine different organic acids were characterized in the materials, with kale showing the highest amount (112g/kg lyophilized extract). With the exception of the exuviae extract, the rest were screened for bioactivity. Using spectrophotometric microassays, all exhibited antiradical capacity against DPPH and NO in a concentration-dependent way, whereas only kale and excrement extracts were active against superoxide. All displayed activity on intestinal smooth muscle, albeit with distinct relaxation-contraction profiles. Larvae and butterfly extracts were more efficacious for intestinal relaxation than was kale extract, whereas excrement extract evoked only contractions, thus evidencing their different compositions. Collectively, these results show that P. brassicae sequesters and metabolizes kale's phenolic compounds. Moreover, the extract's bioactivities suggest that they may constitute an interesting source of bioactive compounds whose complex chemical structures preclude either synthesis or isolation.
分别采用高效液相色谱/紫外二极管阵列检测器/质谱(n)-电喷雾电离法（HPLC/UV-DAD/MS(n)-ESI）和高效液相色谱-紫外法（HPLC-UV）测定了菜粉蝶（Pieris brassicae）材料和寄主羽衣甘蓝（Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala）叶片水提取物中的酚类和有机酸谱。鉴定出的酚类包括酰化和非酰化黄酮苷、羟基肉桂酰龙胆二糖苷以及硫酸酚类。羽衣甘蓝的含量最高（冻干提取物中为11g/kg），而在蝴蝶或蜕中未鉴定出酚类。在这些材料中鉴定出了9种不同的有机酸，羽衣甘蓝的含量最高（冻干提取物中为112g/kg）。除蜕提取物外，其余提取物均进行了生物活性筛选。采用分光光度微量分析法，所有提取物均以浓度依赖的方式对二苯基苦味酰基自由基（DPPH）和一氧化氮（NO）表现出抗自由基能力，而只有羽衣甘蓝和粪便提取物对超氧阴离子有活性。所有提取物对肠平滑肌均有活性，尽管其舒张-收缩曲线不同。幼虫和蝴蝶提取物对肠舒张的作用比羽衣甘蓝提取物更有效，而粪便提取物仅引起收缩，从而证明了它们成分的差异。总体而言，这些结果表明菜粉蝶会螯合并代谢羽衣甘蓝的酚类化合物。此外，提取物的生物活性表明它们可能构成有趣的生物活性化合物来源，其复杂的化学结构使其难以合成或分离。
