Sturz Bradley R, Katz Jeffrey S
Department of Psychology, Armstrong Atlantic State University, Savannah, GA 31419, USA.
J Comp Psychol. 2009 Feb;123(1):90-113. doi: 10.1037/a0012905.
In an open-field search task, pigeons (Columba livia) were trained to search for a goal located at the midpoint of the hypothetical line connecting two discrete visual landmarks positioned 60 cm apart. In Experiment 1, global orienting cues were absent. After reaching training criteria, pigeons were tested with novel interlandmark distances. Search location and error on test trials suggested pigeons learned relative distance. In Experiment 2, a global orienting cue was present. After reaching training criteria, pigeons were again tested with novel interlandmark distances. Results suggested pigeons learned relative and absolute distances. In Experiment 3, pigeons searched at the midpoint of rotated arrays in both the presence and absence of an orienting cue indicating learning of relative direction. In Experiment 4, pigeons searched in the appropriate goal direction when presented with a single landmark in the presence of the orienting cue but not in its absence indicating learning of absolute direction. Results implicate a stable frame of reference as critical to spatial coding strategies and suggest pigeons are able to code location based on absolute and relative distance and direction from discrete visual landmarks.
在一项旷场搜索任务中，训练鸽子（家鸽）寻找位于连接两个相距60厘米的离散视觉地标假想线中点处的目标。在实验1中，不存在全局定向线索。达到训练标准后，用新的地标间距离对鸽子进行测试。测试试验中的搜索位置和误差表明鸽子学会了相对距离。在实验2中，存在全局定向线索。达到训练标准后，再次用新的地标间距离对鸽子进行测试。结果表明鸽子学会了相对距离和绝对距离。在实验3中，无论有无指示相对方向学习的定向线索，鸽子都在旋转阵列的中点处进行搜索。在实验4中，当在有定向线索的情况下呈现单个地标时，鸽子会朝着合适的目标方向搜索，但在没有定向线索时则不会，这表明鸽子学会了绝对方向。结果表明稳定的参照系对空间编码策略至关重要，并表明鸽子能够根据与离散视觉地标的绝对和相对距离及方向来编码位置。
