Hussain Shehnaz K, Sundquist Jan, Hemminki Kari
Center for Family and Community Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden.
J Invest Dermatol. 2009 Sep;129(9):2142-7. doi: 10.1038/jid.2009.31. Epub 2009 Feb 26.
Studies suggest that skin cancer aggregates within families; however, the risk of skin cancer associated with having an affected sibling or parent by subtype, tumor site, and age at diagnosis has not been established. The 2006 update of the Swedish Family-Cancer Database was used to calculate standardized incidence ratios (SIRs), representing the ratio of cancer risk among individuals with affected parents or siblings to the general population. Risk of invasive squamous cell skin cancer for individuals with an affected sibling or parent was increased between two- and three-fold compared with that in the general population. For in situ skin tumors, increased SIRs of 1.95-4.30 for squamous cell, Bowen's disease, and actinic keratosis were observed for individuals with affected siblings or parents, and SIRs were generally higher for tumors at sun-exposed versus covered sites. Finally, SIRs for in situ and invasive squamous cell skin cancer increased by increasing number of parental tumors (P< or =0.01). In conclusion, having an affected sibling or parent was associated with an increased risk of skin cancer of varied subtypes compared with that in the general population, and for some subtypes, these familial risks were increased for tumors at sun-exposed sites or by an increasing number of parental tumors.
研究表明皮肤癌在家族中具有聚集性；然而，与患有皮肤癌的兄弟姐妹或父母相关的、按亚型、肿瘤部位及诊断时年龄划分的皮肤癌风险尚未明确。利用瑞典家族癌症数据库2006年的更新数据来计算标准化发病比（SIR），即有患癌父母或兄弟姐妹的个体患癌风险与普通人群患癌风险之比。有患癌兄弟姐妹或父母的个体发生侵袭性皮肤鳞状细胞癌的风险相较于普通人群增加了2至3倍。对于原位皮肤肿瘤，有患癌兄弟姐妹或父母的个体，鳞状细胞癌、鲍恩病及光化性角化病的SIR升高至1.95至4.30，且暴露于阳光下部位的肿瘤SIR通常高于遮盖部位的肿瘤。最后，原位和侵袭性皮肤鳞状细胞癌的SIR随着患癌父母数量的增加而升高（P≤0.01）。总之，与普通人群相比，有患癌兄弟姐妹或父母会增加多种亚型皮肤癌的风险，对于某些亚型，暴露于阳光下部位的肿瘤或患癌父母数量增加会使这些家族性风险升高。
