MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2009 Feb 27;58(7):169-72.
Neisseria meningitidis is an important cause of invasive bacterial disease in the United States, with a total of 1,077 cases of meningococcal disease reported in 2007. The case-fatality ratio is 10%--14%, and 11%--19% of survivors have long-term sequelae. In the United States, approximately 98% of cases of meningococcal disease occur sporadically; outbreaks are uncommon. Chemoprophylaxis is the primary means of preventing meningococcal disease among close contacts of patients in sporadic cases, and the ability of health departments to identify these contacts and provide treatment depends on the completeness and timeliness of disease reporting. To assess these attributes in meningococcal disease surveillance in Maine, the Maine Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS) analyzed public health surveillance data from MDHHS and hospital discharge data from the Maine Health Data Organization (MHDO) for the period 2001--2006. This report describes the results of that analysis, which indicated that the completeness of reporting of meningococcal disease in Maine during this period was approximately 98%. Of cases reported to MDHHS, 56% were reported within 1 day of hospital admission. Passive disease surveillance efforts appear to have achieved near complete reporting of meningococcal disease in Maine; however, timeliness of reporting was sometimes suboptimal. Evaluation of surveillance efforts should be repeated periodically to determine whether completeness of reporting remains high and timeliness improves.
脑膜炎奈瑟菌是美国侵袭性细菌性疾病的一个重要病因，2007年共报告了1077例脑膜炎球菌病病例。病死率为10% - 14%，11% - 19%的幸存者有长期后遗症。在美国，约98%的脑膜炎球菌病病例为散发病例；暴发情况并不常见。化学预防是在散发病例中预防患者密切接触者发生脑膜炎球菌病的主要手段，卫生部门识别这些接触者并提供治疗的能力取决于疾病报告的完整性和及时性。为评估缅因州脑膜炎球菌病监测中的这些属性，缅因州卫生和公众服务部（MDHHS）分析了2001 - 2006年期间MDHHS的公共卫生监测数据以及缅因州卫生数据组织（MHDO）的医院出院数据。本报告描述了该分析结果，结果表明在此期间缅因州脑膜炎球菌病报告的完整性约为98%。向MDHHS报告的病例中，56%在入院后1天内报告。被动疾病监测工作似乎已使缅因州脑膜炎球菌病的报告接近完全，但报告的及时性有时并不理想。应定期重复对监测工作的评估，以确定报告的完整性是否仍然很高以及及时性是否有所改善。
