Pierre Sean A, Ferrandino Michael N, Simmons W Neal, Fernandez Christina, Zhong Pei, Albala David M, Preminger Glenn M
Comprehensive Kidney Stone Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
J Endourol. 2009 Mar;23(3):523-8. doi: 10.1089/end.2008.0277.
High definition (HD) digital imaging represents a major advance in endoscope technology. The development of the charge-coupled device chip and its location at the distal end of the endoscope allows for image capture and digitization, as well as specific light filtration and processing. We assessed the capability of HD technology combined with digital imaging to provide improved image quality and enhanced spatial three-dimensional positioning.
A HD digital laparoscope and a standard definition (SD) laparoscope were evaluated in the laboratory setting to assess and compare image resolution, brightness, contrast, and color reproducibility, using standard industry testing protocols.
Compared with the SD laparoscope, the HD laparoscope had superior resolution at 50 mm distance (2.4 line pairs/mm v 2.0 line pairs/mm), increased image brightness (129 lumens v 112 lumens), increased depth of field, and decreased distortion. Color and grayscale reproduction were found to be similar for the two laparoscopes.
HD laparoscopy has superior objective performance characteristics compared with standard laparoscopes. Further investigation is required to determine whether these objective findings translate into subjective improvements, and which characteristics can be adjusted to obtain the best possible results. These improved optics may lead to easier identification of anatomic structures, finer dissection, and enhanced three-dimensional spatial positioning during HD laparoscopic procedures.
高清（HD）数字成像代表了内窥镜技术的一项重大进步。电荷耦合器件芯片的发展及其在内窥镜远端的位置实现了图像采集与数字化，以及特定的滤光和图像处理。我们评估了高清技术结合数字成像提供更高图像质量和增强空间三维定位的能力。
在实验室环境中对一台高清数字腹腔镜和一台标准清晰度（SD）腹腔镜进行评估，采用标准的行业测试方案来评估和比较图像分辨率、亮度、对比度和色彩再现性。
与标准清晰度腹腔镜相比，高清腹腔镜在50毫米距离处具有更高的分辨率（2.4线对/毫米对2.0线对/毫米）、更高的图像亮度（129流明对112流明）、更大的景深和更低的失真度。发现两种腹腔镜的色彩和灰度再现相似。
与标准腹腔镜相比，高清腹腔镜具有更优越的客观性能特征。需要进一步研究以确定这些客观发现是否能转化为主观上的改善，以及哪些特征可以进行调整以获得最佳结果。这些改进的光学系统可能会使在高清腹腔镜手术过程中更容易识别解剖结构、进行更精细的解剖以及增强三维空间定位。
