Neuzeret Pierre-Charles, Sakai Kazuya, Gormand Frédéric, Petitjean Thierry, Buda Colette, Sastre Jean-Pierre, Parrot Sandrine, Guidon Gérard, Lin Jian-Sheng
INSERM-U628, Université Lyon1, Lyon, France.
J Sleep Res. 2009 Mar;18(1):113-21. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2869.2008.00708.x.
The decrease in genioglossus (GG) muscle activity during sleep, especially rapid eye movement (REM) or paradoxical sleep, can lead to airway occlusion and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). The hypoglossal nucleus innervating the GG muscle is under the control of serotonergic, noradrenergic and histaminergic neurons that cease firing during paradoxical sleep. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect on GG muscle activity during different wake-sleep states of the microdialysis application of serotonin, histamine (HA) or noradrenaline (NE) to the hypoglossal nucleus in freely moving cats. Six adult cats were implanted with electroencephalogram, electro-oculogram and neck electromyogram electrodes to record wake-sleep states and with GG muscle and diaphragm electrodes to record respiratory muscle activity. Microdialysis probes were inserted into the hypoglossal nucleus for monoamine application. Changes in GG muscle activity were assessed by power spectrum analysis. In the baseline conditions, tonic GG muscle activity decreased progressively and significantly from wakefulness to slow-wave sleep and even further during slow-wave sleep with ponto-geniculo-occipital waves and paradoxical sleep. Application of serotonin or HA significantly increased GG muscle activity during the wake-sleep states when compared with controls. By contrast, NE had no excitatory effect. Our results indicate that both serotonin and HA have a potent excitatory action on GG muscle activity, suggesting multiple aminergic control of upper airway muscle activity during the wake-sleep cycle. These data might help in the development of pharmacological approaches for the treatment of OSA.
睡眠期间，尤其是快速眼动（REM）睡眠或异相睡眠期间，颏舌肌（GG）活动减少会导致气道阻塞和阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）。支配GG肌的舌下神经核受5-羟色胺能、去甲肾上腺素能和组胺能神经元的控制，这些神经元在异相睡眠期间停止放电。本研究的目的是确定在自由活动的猫的舌下神经核中微量透析应用5-羟色胺、组胺（HA）或去甲肾上腺素（NE）对不同清醒-睡眠状态下GG肌活动的影响。六只成年猫植入脑电图、眼电图和颈部肌电图电极以记录清醒-睡眠状态，并植入GG肌和膈肌电极以记录呼吸肌活动。将微量透析探针插入舌下神经核以应用单胺。通过功率谱分析评估GG肌活动的变化。在基线条件下，从清醒到慢波睡眠，GG肌的紧张性活动逐渐显著降低，在伴有脑桥-膝状体-枕叶波的慢波睡眠和异相睡眠期间甚至进一步降低。与对照组相比，应用5-羟色胺或HA可显著增加清醒-睡眠状态下的GG肌活动。相比之下，NE没有兴奋作用。我们的结果表明，5-羟色胺和HA对GG肌活动均有强大的兴奋作用，提示在清醒-睡眠周期中，上气道肌肉活动受到多种胺能的控制。这些数据可能有助于开发治疗OSA的药理学方法。
