Schwartzbaum J A, Hirschberg J G
Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Tennessee, Memphis 38163.
Stat Med. 1991 Aug;10(8):1273-81. doi: 10.1002/sim.4780100810.
We show the use of the bootstrap resampling method to examine further the order of a series of odds ratios. Specifically, the bootstrap provides a method for estimating the probabilities that one would find in subsequent independent samples from the same population the observed odds ratio rankings. To illustrate this use of the bootstrap, we modelled the responses of 77 white male physicians to an ethical dilemma involving hypothetical patients. Would the physician report positive HIV status to the health department or would he maintain patient confidentiality? To see if a patient's sex, race, or sexual preference would influence the physicians' decisions, each physician received one of eight randomly selected descriptions of a hypothetical patient. To evaluate the initial order of the patient categories, we constructed 1000 bootstrap samples. Black heterosexual males ranked first or second in 92.2 per cent of the bootstrap samples; black homosexual males ranked first, second or third in 88.6 per cent; and white homosexual females ranked sixth or seventh in 82.9 per cent. Thus we would expect to observe these rankings of the categories in a high percentage of subsequent independent samples.
我们展示了使用自助重采样方法进一步检验一系列比值比的顺序。具体而言，自助法提供了一种方法，用于估计在来自同一总体的后续独立样本中发现观察到的比值比排名的概率。为了说明自助法的这种用途，我们对77名白人男性医生对涉及假设患者的伦理困境的反应进行了建模。医生会向卫生部门报告患者的HIV阳性状态，还是会对患者保密？为了查看患者的性别、种族或性取向是否会影响医生的决定，每位医生收到了对一名假设患者的八种随机选择描述中的一种。为了评估患者类别最初的顺序，我们构建了1000个自助样本。在92.2%的自助样本中，黑人异性恋男性排名第一或第二；在88.6%的样本中，黑人同性恋男性排名第一、第二或第三；在82.9%的样本中，白人同性恋女性排名第六或第七。因此，我们预计在后续的高比例独立样本中会观察到这些类别的排名情况。
