Schnider A, Regard M, Landis T
Neurologische Klinik, Universitätsspital, Zürich.
Schweiz Rundsch Med Prax. 1991 Sep 24;80(39):1003-12.
There are so many possible etiologies of dementia that its evaluation must be well directed. The neuropsychological examination permits the diagnosis of dementia and allows for a classification of a dementia as 'cortical' dementia, i.e. with aphasic, apraxic or agnosic disturbances, or 'subcortical' dementia, which is mainly characterized by psychomotor retardation. Virtually all treatable dementias present as 'subcortical' dementia. The search for a cause of a dementia includes the clinical setup and a number of additional examinations, which may reveal causes that were not suspected on clinical grounds. In this paper we propose a classification of dementias based on the distinctions 'cortical/subcortical dementia' and 'somatic neurological examination normal/abnormal'. Furthermore, we suggest an array of additional examinations which in our view should be performed in any case of dementia.
痴呆症的病因众多，因此对其进行评估时必须目标明确。神经心理学检查有助于痴呆症的诊断，并能将痴呆症分类为“皮质性”痴呆，即伴有失语、失用或失认障碍的痴呆，或“皮质下”痴呆，其主要特征为精神运动迟缓。几乎所有可治疗的痴呆症都表现为“皮质下”痴呆。寻找痴呆症的病因包括临床检查和一些其他检查，这些检查可能会揭示临床上未怀疑到的病因。在本文中，我们基于“皮质性/皮质下痴呆”和“躯体神经检查正常/异常”的区分提出了一种痴呆症分类方法。此外，我们还建议了一系列额外检查，我们认为在任何痴呆症病例中都应进行这些检查。
