Chang Chiou Ling, Cho Il Kyu, Li Qing X
U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, 2727 Woodlawn Dr., Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
J Econ Entomol. 2009 Feb;102(1):203-9. doi: 10.1603/029.102.0129.
Basil oil and its three major active constituents (trans-anethole, estragole, and linalool) obtained from basil (Oscimum basilicum L.) were tested on three tephritid fruit fly species [Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), and Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett)] for insecticidal activity. All test chemicals acted fast and showed a steep dose-response relationship. The lethal times for 90% mortality/knockdown (LT90) of the three fly species to 10% of the test chemicals were between 8 and 38 min. The toxic action of basil oil in C. capitata occurred significantly faster than in B. cucurbitae but slightly faster than in B. dorsalis. Estragole acted faster in B. dorsalis than in C. capitata and B. cucurbitae. Linalool action was faster in B. dorsalis and C. capitata than in B. cucurbitae. trans-Anethole action was similar to all three species. Methyl eugenol acted faster in C. capitata and B. cucurbitae than in B. dorsalis. When linalool was mixed with cuelure (attractant to B. cucurbitae male), its potency to the three fly species decreased as the concentration of cuelure increased. This was due to linalool hydrolysis catalyzed by acetic acid from cuelure degradation, which was confirmed by chemical analysis. When methyl eugenol (B. dorsalis male attractant) was mixed with basil oil, trans-anethole, estragole, or linalool, it did not affect the toxicity of basil oil and linalool to B. dorsalis, but it did significantly decrease the toxicity of trans-anethole and estragole. Structural similarity between methyl eugenol and trans-anethole and estragole suggests that methyl eugenol might act at a site similar to that of trans-anethole and estragole and serve as an antagonist if an action site exists. Methyl eugenol also may play a physiological role on the toxicity reduction.
对从罗勒（罗勒属罗勒）中提取的罗勒油及其三种主要活性成分（反式茴香脑、草蒿脑和芳樟醇），针对三种实蝇科果蝇物种[地中海实蝇（维德曼）、桔小实蝇（亨德尔）和南瓜实蝇（科奎利特）]进行了杀虫活性测试。所有测试化学品起效迅速，并呈现出陡峭的剂量反应关系。三种果蝇物种对10%测试化学品的90%致死/击倒时间（LT90）在8至38分钟之间。罗勒油对地中海实蝇的毒性作用显著快于对南瓜实蝇，但比对桔小实蝇略快。草蒿脑对桔小实蝇的作用比对地中海实蝇和南瓜实蝇起效更快。芳樟醇对桔小实蝇和地中海实蝇的作用比对南瓜实蝇更快。反式茴香脑对三种物种的作用相似。甲基丁香酚对地中海实蝇的作用比对桔小实蝇和南瓜实蝇起效更快。当芳樟醇与诱蝇酮（南瓜实蝇雄虫引诱剂）混合时，随着诱蝇酮浓度增加，其对三种果蝇物种的效力降低。这是由于诱蝇酮降解产生的乙酸催化了芳樟醇水解，化学分析证实了这一点。当甲基丁香酚（桔小实蝇雄虫引诱剂）与罗勒油、反式茴香脑、草蒿脑或芳樟醇混合时，它不影响罗勒油和芳樟醇对桔小实蝇的毒性，但确实显著降低了反式茴香脑和草蒿脑的毒性作用。甲基丁香酚与反式茴香脑和草蒿脑之间的结构相似性表明，甲基丁香酚可能作用于与反式茴香脑和草蒿脑相似的位点，如果存在作用位点，它可能作为拮抗剂。甲基丁香酚也可能在毒性降低方面发挥生理作用。
