Britschgi F, Zünd G
Medizinische Abteilung des Kantonsspitals Obwalden, Sarnen.
Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1991 Aug 17;121(33):1163-5.
In preparing for competitive body building, body builders--in addition to continuous and hard muscle training--engage in stringent dietetic manipulations: the first few months of hypercaloric nutrition, rich in proteins, are devoted to the build-up of muscle mass. A second phase of reduced caloric intake is designed reduce subcutaneous fat, while, during the last week of preparations, extreme carbohydrate intake aims at loading muscles with glycogen. Simultaneously, sodium and water restriction results in extracellular and therefore subcutaneous volume deficit and better "definition" of muscle contours and structure. In the course of these dietetic manipulations a young body builder develops hypokalemia, hypophosphatemia, rhabdomyolysis and flaccid tetraparesis. The disturbances are pathophysiologically predictable.
在为竞技健美做准备时，健美运动员除了进行持续且高强度的肌肉训练外，还会进行严格的饮食控制：最初几个月摄入高热量、富含蛋白质的营养物质，用于增加肌肉量。第二阶段减少热量摄入以减少皮下脂肪，而在准备期的最后一周，大量摄入碳水化合物旨在使肌肉储存糖原。同时，限制钠和水的摄入会导致细胞外液量减少，进而造成皮下组织容量不足，使肌肉轮廓和结构的“清晰度”更好。在这些饮食控制过程中，一名年轻的健美运动员出现了低钾血症、低磷血症、横纹肌溶解症和弛缓性四肢轻瘫。这些紊乱在病理生理上是可预测的。
