Funk Jeanne B, Brouwer Jason, Curtiss Kathleen, McBroom Evan
University of Toledo, Department of Psychology, MS 948, 2801 W Bancroft St, Toledo, OH 43606, USA.
Pediatrics. 2009 Mar;123(3):981-8. doi: 10.1542/peds.2008-1543.
Given the increase in screen media targeted at the very young, the purpose of this study was to examine preschooler parents' knowledge about expert recommendations for young children's screen media experience, their knowledge of specific screen media ratings, their beliefs about screen media effects, and actual monitoring practices.
Parents of 94 children <5 years of age (mean age: 2.95 years) were surveyed. Questionnaires were distributed in day care centers and completed at the parents' convenience. The questionnaire included background questions about parental education, age and gender of child, and parents' perceptions of their child's favorite television show and favorite video or computer game. Eleven multiple-choice questions assessed the respondent's knowledge of expert recommendations for screen media for preschoolers and the meaning of television and video game content ratings. Fourteen questions addressed the typical amount of their preschooler's screen media exposure, parental rules regarding screen media use, and parents' beliefs about appropriate use of screen media for preschoolers.
Preschoolers were exposed to an average of approximately 12 hours of screen media in a typical week. Parents believe that media do have either short- or long-term effects on preschoolers. Performance on factual questions was poor (mean score: 2.83 of 11). In particular, only 34% of the parents correctly identified the expert recommendation for children >2 years of age.
Parents should continue to be educated about the need for preschoolers to participate in activities that promote language development, socialization, imagination, and physical activity. Although professionals should work to improve the ratings, and ultimately to implement a universal ratings system for all screen media, parents need to be encouraged to improve their understanding of current recommendations for screen media exposure and television and video game ratings.
鉴于针对幼儿的屏幕媒体增多，本研究旨在调查学龄前儿童家长对幼儿屏幕媒体使用专家建议的了解情况、他们对特定屏幕媒体评级的知晓程度、他们对屏幕媒体影响的看法以及实际监督做法。
对94名5岁以下儿童（平均年龄：2.95岁）的家长进行了调查。问卷在日托中心发放，家长可在方便时填写。问卷包括关于家长教育程度、孩子年龄和性别的背景问题，以及家长对孩子最喜欢的电视节目和最喜欢的视频或电脑游戏的看法。11道多项选择题评估了受访者对学龄前儿童屏幕媒体专家建议的了解以及电视和视频游戏内容评级的含义。14个问题涉及他们学龄前儿童屏幕媒体接触的典型时长、关于屏幕媒体使用的家长规定，以及家长对学龄前儿童适当使用屏幕媒体的看法。
学龄前儿童在典型的一周内平均接触屏幕媒体约12小时。家长认为媒体对学龄前儿童有短期或长期影响。事实性问题的表现较差（平均得分：11题中2.83分）。特别是，只有34%的家长正确识别了针对2岁以上儿童的专家建议。
应继续对家长进行教育，让他们了解学龄前儿童参与促进语言发展、社交、想象力和体育活动的必要性。尽管专业人士应努力改进评级，并最终为所有屏幕媒体实施通用评级系统，但需要鼓励家长提高对当前屏幕媒体接触建议以及电视和视频游戏评级的理解。
