Saxena Akansha, Tripathi Kumar Parijat, Roy Sudeep, Khan Feroz, Sharma Ashok
Bioinformatics and In Silico Biology Division, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Lucknow 226015 (UP), India.
Bioinformation. 2008;3(5):198-204. doi: 10.6026/97320630003198. Epub 2008 Dec 31.
Cytochrome P450 (CYP P450) enzymes are a superfamily of mono-oxygenases that are found in all kingdoms of life. The CYP P450 enzymes constitute a large superfamily of haem-thiolate proteins involved in the metabolism of a wide variety of both exogenous and endogenous compounds. The CYP activities have been shown to be involved in numerous interactions especially between drugs and herbal constituents. The majority of serious cases of drug interactions are as a result of the interference of the metabolic clearance of one drug by yet another co-administered drug, food or natural product. Gaining mechanistic knowledge towards such interactions has been accepted as an approach to avoid adverse reactions. The inductions and inhibition of CYP enzymes by natural products in the presence of a prescribed drug has led to adverse effects. Herbal medicines such as St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum), garlic (Allium sativa), piperine (from Piper sp.), ginseng (Ginseng sp.), gingko (Gingko biloba), soya beans (Glycine max), alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and grape fruit juice show clinical interactions when co-administered with medicines. This review documents the involvement of CYP enzymes in the metabolism of known available drugs and herbal products. We also document the interactions between herbal constituents & CYP enzymes showing potential drug-herb interactions. Data on CYP450 enzymes in activation (i.e. induction or inhibition) with natural constituents is also reviewed.
细胞色素P450（CYP P450）酶是一类单加氧酶超家族，存在于所有生物界。CYP P450酶构成了一个大型的血红素-硫醇盐蛋白超家族，参与多种外源性和内源性化合物的代谢。CYP活性已被证明参与众多相互作用，尤其是药物与草药成分之间的相互作用。大多数严重的药物相互作用案例是由于一种共同给药的药物、食物或天然产物干扰了另一种药物的代谢清除。获取有关此类相互作用的机制知识已被视为避免不良反应的一种方法。天然产物在存在规定药物的情况下对CYP酶的诱导和抑制已导致不良反应。诸如圣约翰草（贯叶连翘）、大蒜（蒜）、胡椒碱（来自胡椒属）、人参（人参属）、银杏（银杏）、大豆（大豆）、苜蓿（紫花苜蓿）和葡萄柚汁等草药在与药物共同给药时会出现临床相互作用。本综述记录了CYP酶在已知可用药物和草药产品代谢中的作用。我们还记录了草药成分与CYP酶之间的相互作用，显示出潜在的药物-草药相互作用。还综述了关于天然成分对CYP450酶的激活（即诱导或抑制）的数据。
