Hsiao Feilin
University Iowa, USA.
J Music Ther. 2008 Winter;45(4):390-404. doi: 10.1093/jmt/45.4.390.
This study investigated the ability of children with implants who speak Mandarin Chinese, a tonal language, to recognize familiar melodies. It further examined the relative contributions of pitch, rhythm, and lyrics to melody recognition. Two groups of participants (ages 7-15; n = 20 for each group), those with cochlear implants and those with typical hearing, listened to 2 sets (traditional Mandarin children's songs and children's songs from Western cultures translated into Mandarin) of three melodies. These melodies were presented in 3 conditions: (a) melodic contour only (pitches in equal durations); (b) melodic contour with rhythmic patterns; and (c) melodic contour with rhythmic patterns and lyrics. The results indicated that pediatric cochlear implant recipients performed with greater accuracy in melody recognition when lyrics were available. Their scores were significantly lower when melodies containing only pitch features. Providing the rhythmic patterns aided participants' identification of the target melodies, but less so than the lyrics. Applications of findings to aural rehabilitation are discussed.
本研究调查了植入人工耳蜗且说汉语（一种声调语言）的儿童识别熟悉旋律的能力。该研究进一步考察了音高、节奏和歌词对旋律识别的相对贡献。两组参与者（年龄7至15岁；每组n = 20），即人工耳蜗植入者和听力正常者，聆听了两组（传统汉语儿歌和翻译成汉语的西方文化儿歌）共三首旋律。这些旋律以三种条件呈现：(a) 仅旋律轮廓（等时长的音高）；(b) 带有节奏型的旋律轮廓；以及(c) 带有节奏型和歌词的旋律轮廓。结果表明，当有歌词时，小儿人工耳蜗植入接受者在旋律识别方面表现出更高的准确性。当旋律仅包含音高特征时，他们的得分显著更低。提供节奏型有助于参与者识别目标旋律，但效果不如歌词。文中讨论了研究结果在听觉康复中的应用。
