Detjen A K, Magdorf K
Klinik für Pädiatrie m.S. Pneumologie und Immunologie, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Deutschland.
Pneumologie. 2009 Apr;63(4):207-18. doi: 10.1055/s-0028-1100827. Epub 2009 Mar 3.
In spite of a decline in the western industrialised countries, tuberculosis remains one of the commonest causes of childhood mortality in the world. In most cases, children become infected by adults in their immediate environment. The clinical manifestation as a consequence of the primary infection reflects the community transmission of tuberculosis. Children with untreated infection remain a lifelong pool for future disease and therefore infectivity. Thus, prevention and therapy of latent tuberculosis infection are fundamental duties of the public health system. The risk of developing active disease following infection with MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS is especially high in children. Compared to adults, childhood tuberculosis manifests differently and is often more severe. At the same time, the diagnosis is complicated by the unspecific clinical presentation and difficulty of culture confirmation in children. This article gives an overview of the special features of the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and management of childhood tuberculosis.
尽管在西方工业化国家结核病有所下降，但它仍是全球儿童死亡的最常见原因之一。在大多数情况下，儿童是被其周围环境中的成年人感染的。原发性感染的临床表现反映了结核病的社区传播情况。未经治疗的感染儿童将终身成为未来发病及因此具有传染性的一个来源。因此，潜伏性结核感染的预防和治疗是公共卫生系统的基本职责。儿童感染结核分枝杆菌后患活动性疾病的风险特别高。与成人相比，儿童结核病的表现有所不同，且往往更为严重。同时，儿童非特异性的临床表现以及培养确诊的困难使得诊断变得复杂。本文概述了儿童结核病在流行病学、临床表现、诊断和管理方面的特点。
