Wang Annie L, Ledbetter Eric C, Kern Thomas J
Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
Vet Ophthalmol. 2009 Mar-Apr;12(2):91-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2008.00687.x.
To determine bacterial populations, in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and sources of microorganisms for dogs and cats with orbital abscess.
In total, 34 dogs and 7 cats with orbital abscess participated in the study.
Medical records of dogs and cats with a clinical diagnosis of orbital abscess, confirmed by cytologic or histopathologic evaluation of orbital specimens, were reviewed from the years 1990 to 2007. Animal signalment, presumptive source of microorganisms and mechanism of orbital introduction, bacterial isolates, and aerobic bacterial in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility test results were recorded. Percentages of susceptible aerobic bacterial isolates were compared among antimicrobials.
Twenty dogs and five cats had positive culture results. The most frequent bacterial genera isolated from dogs were Staphylococcus, Escherichia, Bacteroides, Clostridium and Pasteurella. The most frequent bacterial genera isolated from cats were Pasteurella and Bacteroides. Aerobic bacterial isolates from dogs had the highest percentage of susceptibility to amikacin, ceftiofur, gentamicin, imipenem, ticarcillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Aerobic bacterial isolates from dogs had the lowest percentage of susceptibility to ampicillin, clindamycin, erythromycin and penicillin. Antimicrobial resistance was uncommon among feline aerobic bacterial isolates. The most commonly identified routes of orbital bacteria introduction were extension from adjacent anatomical structures, penetrating exogenous trauma, and foreign bodies.
Mixed aerobic and anaerobic bacterial infections of the orbit occur commonly in dogs and cats. On the basis of aerobic and anaerobic bacterial isolates and in vitro susceptibility testing of aerobic bacterial isolates, cephalosporins, extended-spectrum penicillins, potentiated-penicillins and carbapenems are recommended for initial antimicrobial therapy of orbital abscess in dogs and cats.
确定患有眼眶脓肿的犬猫的细菌种群、体外抗菌药敏模式及微生物来源。
共有34只患有眼眶脓肿的犬和7只患有眼眶脓肿的猫参与了本研究。
回顾了1990年至2007年临床诊断为眼眶脓肿且经眼眶标本细胞学或组织病理学评估确诊的犬猫的病历。记录动物的特征、微生物的推测来源及眼眶感染机制、细菌分离株以及需氧菌体外抗菌药敏试验结果。比较了不同抗菌药物中敏感需氧菌分离株的百分比。
20只犬和5只猫的培养结果呈阳性。从犬分离出的最常见细菌属为葡萄球菌属、大肠杆菌属、拟杆菌属、梭菌属和巴斯德菌属。从猫分离出的最常见细菌属为巴斯德菌属和拟杆菌属。犬的需氧菌分离株对阿米卡星、头孢噻呋、庆大霉素、亚胺培南、替卡西林和甲氧苄啶-磺胺甲恶唑的敏感率最高。犬的需氧菌分离株对氨苄西林、克林霉素、红霉素和青霉素的敏感率最低。猫的需氧菌分离株中抗菌药物耐药情况不常见。最常确定的眼眶细菌感染途径为相邻解剖结构的蔓延、穿透性外源性创伤和异物。
眼眶的需氧菌和厌氧菌混合感染在犬猫中很常见。基于需氧菌和厌氧菌分离株以及需氧菌分离株的体外药敏试验结果，推荐使用头孢菌素类、广谱青霉素类、增效青霉素类和碳青霉烯类药物对犬猫眼眶脓肿进行初始抗菌治疗。
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