Martens Sander, Johnson Addie, Bolle Martje, Borst Jelmer
University of Groningen, The Netherlands University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands.
Exp Psychol. 2009;56(1):33-40. doi: 10.1027/1618-3169.56.1.33.
The human mind is severely limited in processing concurrent information at a conscious level of awareness. These temporal restrictions are clearly reflected in the attentional blink (AB), a deficit in reporting the second of two targets when it occurs 200-500 ms after the first. However, we recently reported that some individuals do not show a visual AB, and presented psychophysiological evidence that target processing differs between "blinkers" and "nonblinkers". Here, we present evidence that visual nonblinkers do show an auditory AB, which suggests that a major source of attentional restriction as reflected in the AB is likely to be modality-specific. In Experiment 3, we show that when the difficulty in identifying visual targets is increased, nonblinkers continue to show little or no visual AB, suggesting that the presence of an AB in the auditory but not in the visual modality is not due to a difference in task difficulty.
人类思维在有意识的觉知水平上处理并发信息的能力受到严重限制。这些时间限制在注意瞬脱(AB)中得到了明确体现,即当第二个目标在第一个目标出现后200 - 500毫秒出现时,报告第二个目标存在缺陷。然而,我们最近报告称,一些个体并未表现出视觉注意瞬脱,并提供了心理生理学证据,表明“瞬脱者”和“非瞬脱者”之间的目标处理存在差异。在此,我们提供证据表明视觉非瞬脱者确实表现出听觉注意瞬脱,这表明注意瞬脱所反映的注意限制的一个主要来源可能是特定模态的。在实验3中,我们表明,当识别视觉目标的难度增加时,非瞬脱者仍然几乎没有或根本没有表现出视觉注意瞬脱,这表明听觉而非视觉模态中存在注意瞬脱并非由于任务难度的差异。