思维敏捷的人在看字母时可能思维迟缓：注意力选择的个体差异。
A quick mind with letters can be a slow mind with natural scenes: individual differences in attentional selection.
机构信息
Neuroimaging Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2010 Oct 27;5(10):e13562. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013562.
BACKGROUND
Most people show a remarkable deficit in reporting the second of two targets (T2) when presented 200-500 ms after the first (T1), reflecting an 'attentional blink' (AB). However, there are large individual differences in the magnitude of the effect, with some people, referred to as 'non-blinkers', showing no such attentional restrictions.
METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Here we replicate these individual differences in a task requiring identification of two letters amongst digits, and show that the observed differences in T2 performance cannot be attributed to individual differences in T1 performance. In a second experiment, the generality of the non-blinkers' superior performance was tested using a task containing novel pictures rather than alphanumeric stimuli. A substantial AB was obtained in non-blinkers that was equivalent to that of 'blinkers'.
CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: The results suggest that non-blinkers employ an efficient target selection strategy that relies on well-learned alphabetic and numeric category sets.
背景
大多数人在第一个目标（T1）出现 200-500 毫秒后呈现第二个目标（T2）时，会明显表现出报告第二个目标的缺陷，这反映了一种“注意瞬脱”（AB）。然而，个体之间的影响程度存在很大差异，有些人被称为“非瞬脱者”，他们没有表现出这种注意力限制。
方法/主要发现：在这里，我们在一项需要在数字中识别两个字母的任务中复制了这些个体差异，并表明 T2 表现的观察到的差异不能归因于 T1 表现的个体差异。在第二个实验中，通过使用包含新图片而不是字母数字刺激的任务，测试了非瞬脱者优越表现的普遍性。在非瞬脱者中获得了相当大的 AB，与“瞬脱者”的 AB 相当。
结论/意义：结果表明，非瞬脱者采用了一种有效的目标选择策略，该策略依赖于经过良好学习的字母和数字类别集。
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