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检验与鸟类对野火的反应相关的假设。

Testing hypotheses associated with bird responses to wildfire.

作者信息

Lindenmayer David B, Wood Jeff T, Cunningham Ross B, MacGregor Christopher, Crane Mason, Michael Damian, Montague-Drake Rebecca, Brown Darren, Muntz Rachel, Gill A Malcolm

机构信息

Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.

出版信息

Ecol Appl. 2008 Dec;18(8):1967-83. doi: 10.1890/07-1943.1.

Abstract

Disturbance is a key ecological process influencing the distribution and abundance of many elements of the earth's biota. Predicting the response of biota to disturbance is therefore important, but it nevertheless remains difficult to make accurate forecasts of response. We tested predictions from disturbance-related theories and concepts in 10 vegetation types at Booderee National Park (southeastern Australia) using a retrospective study of bird responses to fire history (over 35 years) on 110 sites and a prospective study following a single wildfire event in 2003 at 59 of these sites. Our data did not support predictions from the intermediate-disturbance hypothesis; observed bird species richness at a site was significantly (F(1,99) = 6.30, P = 0.014) negatively related to the number of fires since 1972 and was 8.7% lower (95% CI, 1.8-15.1%) for each additional fire. In contrast to fire history effects, we found that after the 2003 fire, the vast majority of individual species and the bird assemblage per se in most vegetation types recovered within two years. Thus, recovery after a single fire did not reflect long-term effects of multiple fires on overall bird species richness at a site. We postulated that the recovery of bird species richness and bird assemblage composition after the 2003 fire would be fastest in structurally simple vegetation types and slowest in structurally complex vegetation, but observed the opposite. Although observed bird species richness in vertically heterogeneous forest and woodland had returned to prefire levels by 2006, bird species richness in structurally simple vegetation types (e.g., sedgeland) had not. Postfire vegetation regeneration, together with a paucity of early-successional specialists, would explain the speed of recovery of the bird assemblage and why it changed relatively little during our investigation.

摘要

干扰是影响地球生物群落诸多元素分布和丰度的关键生态过程。因此,预测生物群落对干扰的反应很重要,但要做出准确的反应预测仍然困难。我们在布迪里国家公园(澳大利亚东南部)的10种植被类型中,利用对110个地点鸟类对火灾历史(超过35年)反应的回顾性研究以及对2003年59个此类地点发生的一次野火事件后的前瞻性研究,检验了与干扰相关的理论和概念的预测。我们的数据不支持中度干扰假说的预测;一个地点观察到的鸟类物种丰富度与1972年以来的火灾次数显著负相关(F(1,99) = 6.30,P = 0.014),每增加一次火灾,物种丰富度就降低8.7%(95%置信区间,1.8 - 15.1%)。与火灾历史影响相反,我们发现2003年火灾后,大多数植被类型中的绝大多数单个物种和鸟类群落本身在两年内就恢复了。因此,单次火灾后的恢复并未反映多次火灾对一个地点总体鸟类物种丰富度的长期影响。我们推测2003年火灾后鸟类物种丰富度和鸟类群落组成的恢复在结构简单的植被类型中最快,在结构复杂的植被中最慢,但观察到的情况却相反。尽管到2006年,垂直异质的森林和林地中观察到的鸟类物种丰富度已恢复到火灾前水平,但结构简单的植被类型(如莎草湿地)中的鸟类物种丰富度却没有恢复。火灾后植被的再生,加上早期演替专家的匮乏,将解释鸟类群落的恢复速度以及为什么在我们的调查期间变化相对较小。

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