Brunger Axel T, Rummel Andreas
The Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Departments of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Structural Biology, and Photon Science, Stanford University, J.H. Clark Center, E300C, 318 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Toxicon. 2009 Oct;54(5):550-60. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2008.12.027. Epub 2009 Mar 4.
The high potency of clostridial neurotoxins relies predominantly on their neurospecific binding and specific hydrolysis of SNARE proteins. Their multi-step mode of mechanism can be ascribed to their multi-domain three-dimensional structure. The C-terminal H(CC)-domain interacts subsequently with complex polysialo-gangliosides such as GT1b and a synaptic vesicle protein receptor via two neighbouring binding sites, resulting in highly specific uptake of the neurotoxins at synapses of cholinergic motoneurons. After its translocation the enzymatically active light chain specifically hydrolyses specific SNARE proteins, preventing SNARE complex assembly and thereby blocking exocytosis of neurotransmitter.
梭菌神经毒素的高效力主要依赖于其对神经特异性的结合以及对SNARE蛋白的特异性水解。其多步骤作用机制可归因于其多结构域三维结构。C末端H(CC)结构域随后通过两个相邻的结合位点与复杂的多唾液酸神经节苷脂(如GT1b)和一种突触囊泡蛋白受体相互作用,导致神经毒素在胆碱能运动神经元突触处高度特异性摄取。在其转运后,具有酶活性的轻链特异性水解特定的SNARE蛋白,阻止SNARE复合物组装,从而阻断神经递质的胞吐作用。