Abatih E N, Emborg H D, Jensen V F, Lo Fo Wong D M A, Ersbøll A K
Department of Large Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2009 Apr;6(3):305-19. doi: 10.1089/fpd.2008.0168.
The aim of this study was to analyze and discuss regional, seasonal, and temporal trends in the occurrence of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from pigs at slaughter in Denmark between 1997 and 2005. Data on antimicrobial-resistant E. coli were obtained from the Danish Integrated Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring and Research Programme database. The Cochran-Armitage trend test was used to detect the presence and evaluate the significance of regional, seasonal, and annual trends in the occurrence of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli for four drugs. Associations between resistance and explanatory variables region, season, and the year of isolate sampling were analyzed using a logistic regression model. The Cochran-Armitage test provided evidence of significant temporal trends for ampicillin-resistant E. coli (an increasing trend, p < 0.0001) and streptomycin-resistant E. coli (a decreasing trend, p < 0.0001). The prevalence of ampicillin-resistant E. coli increased over time for all seasons (p < 0.001) except for winter when no significant variations in prevalence of resistant E. coli were captured over time. On the other hand, a significant decreasing trend in prevalence of streptomycin-resistant E. coli was observed for the spring, summer, and winter months (p < 0.001); however, there were no statistically significant trends for the autumn months (p > 0.05). The prevalence of ampicillin-resistant E. coli was observed to increase over time for the various regions, whereas that for streptomycin-resistant E. coli presented an overall significant decrease over time. The estimated odds ratios from the logistic regression model indicated varying risks for the occurrence of resistance by season and by region. The winter months were associated with an increased risk for the occurrence of resistant E. coli as compared to the other seasons of the year. Our study provides evidence of statistically significant regional, seasonal, and temporal variations for ampicillin- and streptomycin-resistant E. coli isolated from pigs at slaughter in Denmark between 1997 and 2005.
本研究旨在分析和讨论1997年至2005年间丹麦屠宰猪中分离出的耐抗菌药物大肠杆菌的发生情况的区域、季节和时间趋势。耐抗菌药物大肠杆菌的数据来自丹麦综合抗菌药物耐药性监测与研究计划数据库。采用 Cochr an-Armitage趋势检验来检测四种药物的耐抗菌药物大肠杆菌发生情况的区域、季节和年度趋势的存在并评估其显著性。使用逻辑回归模型分析耐药性与解释变量区域、季节以及分离株采样年份之间的关联。 Cochr an-Armitage检验提供了耐氨苄青霉素大肠杆菌（呈上升趋势，p<0.0001）和耐链霉素大肠杆菌（呈下降趋势，p<0.0001）存在显著时间趋势的证据。除冬季外，所有季节耐氨苄青霉素大肠杆菌的患病率均随时间增加（p<0.001），而冬季耐抗菌药物大肠杆菌的患病率随时间未观察到显著变化。另一方面，春季、夏季和冬季月份耐链霉素大肠杆菌的患病率呈显著下降趋势（p<0.001）；然而，秋季月份没有统计学上的显著趋势（p>0.05）。观察到不同区域耐氨苄青霉素大肠杆菌的患病率随时间增加，而耐链霉素大肠杆菌的患病率总体上随时间显著下降。逻辑回归模型估计的比值比表明，耐药性发生的风险因季节和区域而异。与一年中的其他季节相比，冬季耐抗菌药物大肠杆菌发生的风险增加。我们的研究提供了证据，表明1997年至2005年间丹麦屠宰猪中分离出的耐氨苄青霉素和耐链霉素大肠杆菌存在统计学上显著的区域、季节和时间变化。
