Schaudig U, Meyer-Rüsenberg H-W
Augenklinik, Asklepios Klinikum Barmbek, Hamburg, Deutschland.
Ophthalmologe. 2009 Mar;106(3):229-34. doi: 10.1007/s00347-008-1907-8.
Symptomatic epiphora is predominantly present in the elderly It is caused either by hypersecretion in ocular surface disorders, mostly as a reflex, by decreased tear transport and mechanical stenosis of the efferent tear ducts. These three different causes have to be taken into consideration by differential diagnosis and lead to different forms of therapy. Ocular surface disorders (wet dry eye) are treated by topical medication, lid malfunctioning and dacryostenosis by surgery and possibly by topical adjuvant anti-inflammatory medication. The present article reviews the current concepts on epiphora as an age-associated symptom and the epidemiology and pathogenesis of dacryostenosis and dacryolithiasis.
症状性溢泪在老年人中最为常见。它要么是由眼表疾病中的分泌过多引起，主要是一种反射，要么是由泪液运输减少和传出泪道的机械性狭窄引起。在鉴别诊断时必须考虑这三种不同的病因，并导致不同形式的治疗。眼表疾病（干眼和湿眼）通过局部用药治疗，眼睑功能障碍和泪道狭窄则通过手术治疗，可能还需要局部辅助抗炎药物。本文综述了溢泪作为一种与年龄相关症状的当前概念以及泪道狭窄和泪石症的流行病学和发病机制。
