Cinamon Udi
Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, PO Box 5, 98100, Holon, Israel.
Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2009 Jun;266(6):781-6. doi: 10.1007/s00405-009-0941-8. Epub 2009 Mar 13.
This review suggests a reference to the postnatal growth of mastoid air cells and bone. Information was retrieved from studies having large consecutive age groups, in order to reveal a development pattern. Data regarding origin, gender, and antibiotic treatment was investigated as well. Most measurements were obtained by planimetry. Assessment of the various data sources suggested the antrum to be well developed at birth (1-1.5 cm2), the mastoid cells to be about 3.5-4 cm2 at 1 year, followed by a linear growth till the age of 6 (1-1.2 cm2/year), having a slower increment up to adult size at puberty (approximately 12 cm2). The mastoid bone expansion is about 0.6-0.9 cm/year in length and width and 0.4 cm/year in depth in the first year, followed by half that rate until the age of 6-7. At puberty there was a slower sprout reaching adult size. Different ethnic groups share similar mastoid aeration and bone growth patterns. There were no differences between mastoid aeration measured at the pre-antibiotic era and after its widespread use. In conclusion, there are three distinguishable phases of mastoid pneumatization from birth till reaching final size. Bone and air cell compartments share a similar growth pattern; bone expansion lags behind aeration. Antibiotic treatment for otitis may have no impact upon mastoid aeration.
本综述提出了关于乳突气房和骨质产后生长的参考信息。从具有连续大年龄组的研究中检索信息，以揭示其发育模式。还对有关起源、性别和抗生素治疗的数据进行了调查。大多数测量是通过面积测量法获得的。对各种数据源的评估表明，出生时鼓窦发育良好（1 - 1.5平方厘米），1岁时乳突气房约为3.5 - 4平方厘米，随后呈线性生长直至6岁（每年1 - 1.2平方厘米），到青春期达到成人大小前增长较慢（约12平方厘米）。第一年乳突骨在长度和宽度上的扩展约为每年0.6 - 0.9厘米，深度为每年0.4厘米，随后到6 - 7岁时速率减半。青春期时生长较慢，直至达到成人大小。不同种族群体的乳突气化和骨质生长模式相似。在抗生素广泛使用之前和之后测量的乳突气化情况没有差异。总之，从出生到达到最终大小，乳突气化有三个可区分的阶段。骨质和气房部分具有相似的生长模式；骨质扩展滞后于气化。中耳炎的抗生素治疗可能对乳突气化没有影响。
