Canning Brendan J
Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2009 Apr;22(2):75-81. doi: 10.1016/j.pupt.2009.01.003. Epub 2009 Jan 20.
In many species including humans, antagonists of NMDA-type glutamate receptors such as dextromethorphan, when used at sufficient doses, have been found to be relatively safe and effective antitussives. Similarly, now in five different species (guinea pigs, rabbits, cats, dogs and pigs), neurokinin receptor antagonists have also proven to be safe and effective antitussive agents. Both of these classes of drugs act centrally to prevent cough. A brief review of what is known about the central encoding of cough is presented, as are the advantages of centrally acting antitussives. Also discussed are new insights into cough and NMDA receptor signaling that may lead to the development of more effective antitussive agents with limited side effects and broad application in treating cough associated with a variety of aetiologies.
在包括人类在内的许多物种中，已发现NMDA型谷氨酸受体拮抗剂（如右美沙芬）在使用足够剂量时是相对安全有效的镇咳药。同样，目前在五种不同的物种（豚鼠、兔子、猫、狗和猪）中，神经激肽受体拮抗剂也已被证明是安全有效的镇咳药。这两类药物均通过中枢作用来预防咳嗽。本文简要回顾了已知的咳嗽中枢编码相关内容以及中枢性镇咳药的优势。还讨论了关于咳嗽和NMDA受体信号传导的新见解，这些见解可能会促使开发出副作用有限且能广泛应用于治疗各种病因引起的咳嗽的更有效镇咳药。
