Glenn S W, Parsons O A
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1991 Aug;15(4):612-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1991.tb00569.x.
The speed and accuracy of neuropsychological performance in alcoholics and nonalcoholics were assessed for each item within a four-test computerized battery. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of three instructional conditions: Speed-emphasis instructions, Accuracy-emphasis instructions, or Typical instructions emphasizing speed and accuracy equally. Across conditions, alcoholics were less accurate and took longer to perform than controls. Examining speed and accuracy components separately within each condition, as predicted, the greatest differences in accuracy scores between alcoholics and controls appeared in the Speed-emphasis condition, while the greatest group differences in speed scores appeared in the Accuracy-emphasis condition. The results indicate that the relationships between speed and accuracy are dissimilar between alcoholics and controls; alcoholics exhibit speed/accuracy tradeoffs in that they are unable to adjust performance to meet speed or accuracy demand without suffering substantial compromise in the other aspect of performance. These results have implications for future studies concerning methodological approaches to speed and accuracy assessment and provide support for an information-processing deficit associated with chronic alcohol abuse.
在一个由四项测试组成的计算机化测试组中，对酗酒者和非酗酒者神经心理表现的速度和准确性进行了单项评估。受试者被随机分配到三种指导条件之一：强调速度的指导、强调准确性的指导或同等强调速度和准确性的常规指导。在所有条件下，酗酒者的准确性较低，完成任务的时间比对照组更长。正如所预测的那样，在每个条件下分别检查速度和准确性成分时，酗酒者和对照组之间准确性得分的最大差异出现在强调速度的条件下，而速度得分的最大组间差异出现在强调准确性的条件下。结果表明，酗酒者和对照组在速度与准确性之间的关系上存在差异；酗酒者表现出速度/准确性的权衡，即他们在不严重损害表现的另一方面的情况下，无法调整表现以满足速度或准确性要求。这些结果对未来关于速度和准确性评估方法的研究具有启示意义，并为与长期酗酒相关的信息处理缺陷提供了支持。
