Department of Sociology, University of Louisville, Louisville,KY 40292, USA.
J Sex Res. 2009 Sep-Oct;46(5):446-59. doi: 10.1080/00224490902829608.
Little research has been conducted with regard to how women view male nudity. The purpose of this analysis was to present an historical case study of Viva, a 1970s women's magazine geared toward the presentation of male nudity. Implicit in Viva's editorial direction was the assumption that women's sexuality is socially constructed and, thus, modifiable but also homologous to men's sexuality. Using sexual scripting theory as a sensitizing concept, a content analysis of women's letters to the editor was conducted. Letters justified inclusion of male nudity on the basis of principles of fairness and equality with men. In addition, letters tried to demarcate boundary conditions for what constituted acceptable male nudity in terms of the presence of erection, size, shape, and coloring of the penis, and whether inclusion of the penis was contextualized by other physical traits such as body musculature. Despite an early effort to modify cultural scripts on the basis of a constructivist world view, it was found that, ultimately, Viva advocated an essentialist viewpoint that reified existing conceptualizations of female sexuality as both static and uninterested in the visual representation of sexually related material. This study explored whether Viva's essentialist final position may have reflected financial exigencies rather than ideologies.
关于女性如何看待男性裸体，相关研究甚少。本分析旨在介绍 20 世纪 70 年代的女性杂志《Viva》，这是一本以呈现男性裸体为特色的历史案例研究。Viva 的编辑方向隐含着这样一种假设，即女性的性行为是社会建构的，因此是可以改变的，但与男性的性行为也是同源的。本文使用性脚本理论作为一个敏感概念，对女性给编辑的信件进行了内容分析。这些信件认为，基于公平和平等的原则，包含男性裸体是合理的。此外，信件试图根据阴茎勃起、大小、形状和颜色的存在，以及阴茎是否被身体其他特征（如肌肉）语境化，来划定可接受的男性裸体的边界条件。尽管早期基于建构主义世界观努力改变文化脚本，但研究发现，Viva 最终倡导的是一种本质主义观点，将女性性行为的现有概念具体化，认为女性的性行为是静态的，对与性相关的视觉表现不感兴趣。本研究探讨了 Viva 的本质主义最终立场是否可能反映了财务压力而非意识形态。
