Ann Emerg Med. 1991 Oct;20(10):1153-62. doi: 10.1016/s0196-0644(05)81399-x.
Ethical concerns are a major part of the clinical practice of emergency medicine. The emergency physician must make hard choices, not only with regard to the scientific/technical aspects but also with regard to the moral aspects of caring for emergency patients. By the nature of the specialty, emergency physicians face ethical dilemmas often requiring prompt decisions with limited information. This manual identifies important moral principles and values in emergency medicine. The underlying assumption is that a knowledge of moral principles and ethical values helps the emergency physician make responsible moral choices. Neither the scientific nor the moral aspects of clinical decision making can be reduced to simple formulas. Nevertheless, decisions must be made. Emergency physicians should, therefore, be cognizant of the ethical principles that are important for emergency medicine, understand the process of ethical reasoning, and be capable of making rational moral decisions based on a stable framework of values.
伦理问题是急诊医学临床实践的重要组成部分。急诊医生不仅要在科学/技术层面，还要在照顾急诊患者的道德层面做出艰难抉择。由于该专业的性质，急诊医生面临伦理困境，常常需要在信息有限的情况下迅速做出决策。本手册确定了急诊医学中重要的道德原则和价值观。其基本假设是，了解道德原则和伦理价值观有助于急诊医生做出负责任的道德选择。临床决策的科学和道德层面都不能简化为简单的公式。然而，决策必须做出。因此，急诊医生应该认识到对急诊医学重要的伦理原则，理解伦理推理过程，并能够基于稳定的价值观框架做出合理的道德决策。
