Lorenz Ulrike
Department of Microbiology and The Beirne Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0734, USA.
Immunol Rev. 2009 Mar;228(1):342-59. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065X.2008.00760.x.
Tyrosine phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of proteins play a critical role for many T-cell functions. The opposing actions of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) and protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) determine the level of tyrosine phosphorylation at any time. It is well accepted that PTKs are essential during T-cell signaling; however, the role and importance of PTPs are much less known and appreciated. Both transmembrane and cytoplasmic tyrosine phosphatases have been identified in T cells and shown to regulate T-cell responses. This review focuses on the roles of the two cytoplasmic PTPs, the Src-homology 2 domain (SH2)-containing SHP-1 and SHP-2, in T-cell signaling, development, differentiation, and function.
蛋白质的酪氨酸磷酸化和去磷酸化在许多T细胞功能中起着关键作用。蛋白酪氨酸激酶（PTK）和蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶（PTP）的相反作用决定了任何时候酪氨酸磷酸化的水平。人们普遍认为PTK在T细胞信号传导过程中至关重要；然而，PTP的作用和重要性却鲜为人知且未得到充分认识。在T细胞中已鉴定出跨膜和细胞质酪氨酸磷酸酶，并表明它们可调节T细胞反应。本综述重点关注两种细胞质PTP，即含Src同源2结构域（SH2）的SHP-1和SHP-2在T细胞信号传导、发育、分化和功能中的作用。
