Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia,
Purinergic Signal. 2009 Dec;5(4):447-60. doi: 10.1007/s11302-009-9147-1. Epub 2009 Mar 18.
Purinoceptors are rapidly becoming recognised as important regulators of tissue and organ function. Renal expression of P2 receptors is broad and diverse, as reflected by the fact that P2 receptors have been identified in virtually every major tubular/vascular element. While P2 receptor expression by these renal structures is recognised, the physiological functions that they serve remains to be clarified. Renal vascular P2 receptor expression is complex and poorly understood. Evidence suggests that different complements of P2 receptors are expressed by individual renal vascular segments. This unique distribution has given rise to the postulate that P2 receptors are important for renal vascular function, including regulation of preglomerular resistance and autoregulatory behaviour. More recent studies have also uncovered evidence that hypertension reduces renal vascular reactivity to P2 receptor stimulation in concert with compromised autoregulatory capability. This review will consolidate findings related to the role of P2 receptors in regulating renal microvascular function and will present areas of controversy related to the respective roles of ATP and adenosine in autoregulatory resistance adjustments.
嘌呤能受体正迅速被认为是调节组织和器官功能的重要因子。肾脏中 P2 受体的表达广泛且多样，这反映了实际上几乎每一种主要的管状/血管成分都已鉴定出 P2 受体。虽然这些肾脏结构表达 P2 受体已得到认可，但它们所发挥的生理功能仍有待阐明。肾脏血管 P2 受体的表达非常复杂且尚未被完全理解。有证据表明，不同的 P2 受体亚型在单个肾脏血管节段中表达。这种独特的分布提出了这样一种假设，即 P2 受体对于肾脏血管功能很重要，包括对肾小球前阻力的调节和自身调节行为。最近的研究还发现证据表明，高血压会降低肾脏血管对 P2 受体刺激的反应性，同时伴有自身调节能力受损。这篇综述将整合与 P2 受体在调节肾脏微血管功能中的作用相关的发现，并提出与 ATP 和腺苷在自身调节阻力调节中的各自作用相关的争议领域。
