Galvão K N, Greco L F, Vilela J M, Sá Filho M F, Santos J E P
Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
J Dairy Sci. 2009 Apr;92(4):1532-42. doi: 10.3168/jds.2008-1615.
Objectives were to determine the effects of intrauterine (i.u.) infusion of ceftiofur hydrochloride on uterine health and fertility of dairy cows already receiving PGF(2alpha) for estrous synchronization. Holstein cows at 44 +/- 3 d in milk (DIM) were blocked by parity and diagnosis of metritis in the first 14 DIM and of other illnesses and, within each block, randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: a single i.u. infusion of 125 mg of ceftiofur hydrochloride at 44 +/- 3 DIM (ceftiofur, n = 396), or no i.u. infusion (control, n = 416). All cows received 25 mg of PGF(2alpha) at 37 +/- 3 and 51 +/- 3 DIM as part of an estrous synchronization protocol. A subset of 547 cows was evaluated for clinical endometritis immediately before treatment, and 202 cows had an aseptic uterine sample collected before the injection of PGF(2alpha) at 51 +/- 3 DIM for bacteriology and diagnosis of subclinical endometritis (> or =5% neutrophils). Pregnancy on d 38 +/- 3 and 180 +/- 7 after the first artificial insemination, pregnancy loss, and interval from calving to pregnancy in the first 300 DIM were evaluated. The proportions of cows diagnosed with clinical endometritis before treatment were similar between ceftiofur and control treatments. Intrauterine infusion with ceftiofur did not influence prevalence of subclinical endometritis and positive uterine culture 7 d after treatment; however, it reduced the prevalence of positive uterine culture in cows with clinical endometritis (29.0 vs. 51.4%) and reduced the overall prevalence of Arcanobacterium pyogenes (1.0 vs. 7.6%) at 51 +/- 3 DIM. Cows with clinical endometritis had increased prevalence of A. pyogenes (10.3 vs. 1.5%), Escherichia coli (5.9 vs. 0.75%), and overall positive uterine culture (41.2 vs. 22.4%); however, cows with subclinical endometritis only had an increased prevalence of A. pyogenes (10.2 vs. 1.5%). Ceftiofur did not affect pregnancy per artificial insemination in all cows or in cows previously diagnosed with metritis or clinical endometritis. Interval to pregnancy was similar for control and ceftiofur cows. Intrauterine infusion of ceftiofur hydrochloride reduced the prevalence of uterine infection in cows with clinical endometritis, and the prevalence of A. pyogenes, but did not affect the prevalence of subclinical endometritis or fertility of dairy cows already receiving PGF(2alpha).
目的是确定子宫内输注盐酸头孢噻呋对已接受前列腺素F2α（PGF2α）进行发情同步处理的奶牛子宫健康和繁殖力的影响。处于产奶44±3天（DIM）的荷斯坦奶牛按胎次以及在产奶的前14天是否诊断为子宫炎和其他疾病进行分组，在每个组内，随机分配到两种处理之一：在44±3 DIM时子宫内单次输注125 mg盐酸头孢噻呋（头孢噻呋组，n = 396），或不输注（对照组，n = 416）。作为发情同步方案的一部分，所有奶牛在37±3和51±3 DIM时接受25 mg PGF2α。在治疗前对547头奶牛的子集进行临床子宫内膜炎评估，并且在51±3 DIM注射PGF2α之前，对202头奶牛采集无菌子宫样本进行细菌学检查和亚临床子宫内膜炎（≥5%中性粒细胞）诊断。评估首次人工授精后38±3天和180±7天的妊娠情况、妊娠丢失以及在产犊后300天内从产犊到妊娠的间隔。头孢噻呋组和对照组在治疗前诊断为临床子宫内膜炎的奶牛比例相似。子宫内输注头孢噻呋不影响治疗后7天亚临床子宫内膜炎和子宫培养阳性的发生率；然而，它降低了临床子宫内膜炎奶牛子宫培养阳性的发生率（29.0%对51.4%），并降低了在51±3 DIM时化脓隐秘杆菌的总体发生率（1.0%对7.6%）。患有临床子宫内膜炎的奶牛化脓隐秘杆菌（10.3%对1.5%）、大肠杆菌（5.9%对0.75%）以及子宫培养总体阳性（41.2%对22.4%）的发生率增加；然而，仅患有亚临床子宫内膜炎的奶牛化脓隐秘杆菌的发生率增加（10.2%对1.5%）。头孢噻呋不影响所有奶牛或先前诊断为子宫炎或临床子宫内膜炎的奶牛的每次人工授精妊娠率。对照组和头孢噻呋组奶牛的妊娠间隔相似。子宫内输注盐酸头孢噻呋降低了临床子宫内膜炎奶牛子宫感染的发生率以及化脓隐秘杆菌的发生率，但不影响亚临床子宫内膜炎的发生率或已接受PGF2α的奶牛的繁殖力。
