Geary D C, Wiley J G
Department of Psychology, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211.
Psychol Aging. 1991 Sep;6(3):474-83. doi: 10.1037//0882-7974.6.3.474.
Sixty young and 60 elderly adults completed a pencil-and-paper addition test and solved 40 computer-presented simple addition problems. Strategies and problem solution times were recorded on a trial-by-trial basis and were classified in accordance with the distributions of associations model of strategy choices. The elderly group showed a performance advantage on the ability measure and for the developmental maturity of the mix of problem-solving strategies, but the young group showed an advantage for overall solution times. A componential analysis of the overall solution times for memory retrieval trials, however, showed no reliable age difference for rate of retrieving addition facts from long-term memory but did suggest that the elderly adults might have been slower than the younger adults for rate of encoding digits and verbally producing an answer. Overall results are interpreted within the context of the strategy choice model.
60名年轻人和60名老年人完成了一项纸笔加法测试，并解答了40道计算机呈现的简单加法问题。在每次试验的基础上记录策略和问题解决时间，并根据策略选择的联想分布模型进行分类。老年组在能力测量和解决问题策略组合的发展成熟度方面表现出优势，但年轻组在总体解决时间上表现出优势。然而，对记忆检索试验的总体解决时间进行的成分分析表明，从长期记忆中检索加法事实的速度没有可靠的年龄差异，但确实表明老年人在数字编码和口头给出答案的速度上可能比年轻人慢。总体结果在策略选择模型的背景下进行了解释。
