Epstein Miran
Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK.
Curr Opin Organ Transplant. 2009 Apr;14(2):134-9. doi: 10.1097/MOT.0b013e3283219d8e.
'Global transplant commercialism' (practices and policies involving international trade in organs from living vendors, e.g., 'transplant tourism') is currently subjected to unprecedented criticism. In parallel, the debate around 'local transplant commercialism' (practices and policies that confine trade in organs from living vendors to national markets or economic unions) is heating up. In an attempt to assess the potential outcomes of these trends, this article reviews and discusses some sociological and ethical issues, ending with a proposal for a reinvigorated anticommercialist strategy.
The current international campaign against global transplant commercialism is conducted by an ad hoc alliance between strange bedfellows, proponents of local transplant commercialism on the one hand and opponents of any transplant commercialism on the other. Disparities in the rigor of the respective ethical discourses, the expanding list of precedents of legitimized commerce in the human body, and the political economy of transplantation, all suggest that the former have the upper hand.
Recent achievements in the struggle against international organ trafficking may not herald the abolition of transplant commercialism but rather presage its reconfiguration in deglobalized forms. In light of such a prospect, those who wish to prevent the pervasive commodification of the human body from entering the gates of transplant medicine should consider devising a new, perhaps more radical, strategy.
“全球移植商业化”（涉及活体供者器官国际贸易的做法和政策，如“移植旅游”）目前正受到前所未有的批评。与此同时，围绕“本地移植商业化”（将活体供者器官贸易限制在国内市场或经济联盟的做法和政策）的辩论也日益激烈。为了评估这些趋势的潜在结果，本文回顾并讨论了一些社会学和伦理问题，最后提出了重振反商业化策略的建议。
当前反对全球移植商业化的国际运动是由一个奇特的联盟发起的，一方是本地移植商业化的支持者，另一方是任何移植商业化的反对者。各自伦理话语的严谨程度存在差异、人体合法商业先例的不断增加以及移植的政治经济学，都表明前者占据上风。
在打击国际器官贩运斗争中的近期成果可能并非预示着移植商业化的废除，而是预示着其以去全球化形式的重新配置。鉴于这样的前景，那些希望防止人体普遍商品化进入移植医学大门的人应该考虑制定一种新的、或许更激进的策略。
