Mehra Saral, Eavey Roland D, Keamy Donald G
Department of Otolaryngology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2009 Apr;140(4):461-72. doi: 10.1016/j.otohns.2008.12.022.
Hearing loss ranks high among disabilities in the United States. The epidemiologic parameters of hearing impairment in the United States have not been systematically studied and important historic data have not diffused to relevant stakeholders; even otolaryngologists are unfamiliar with epidemiologic data. We wished to compile known studies to establish an epidemiologic baseline beginning with pediatric data.
Relevant literature was retrieved from medical databases and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports.
Candidate articles and national data sets encompassing pediatric hearing loss were analyzed and compared. Whenever possible, group analyses were performed.
The average incidence of neonatal hearing loss in the United States is 1.1 per 1000 infants, with variation among states (0.22 to 3.61 per 1000). Childhood and adolescent prevalence rates demonstrate variability. The prevalence of mild hearing impairment or worse (>20 dB) is 3.1 percent based on the average of comparable audiometric screening studies; self-reporting prevalence is 1.9 percent. Hispanic Americans demonstrate a higher prevalence of hearing impairment than other children. Low-income households demonstrate a higher prevalence of hearing loss compared to households with higher income levels. Genetic causes were attributed to 23 percent across studies.
Analysis of the data reveals gaps in our knowledge of the epidemiology of hearing loss and stresses the importance of consistent definitions of hearing impairment for systematic assessment of changes over time. Hearing loss in childhood deserves further epidemiologic investigation and elevated awareness among health care professionals and the public. Genetic etiologies are likely underestimated in this review.
听力损失在美国的残疾情况中排名靠前。美国听力障碍的流行病学参数尚未得到系统研究，重要的历史数据也未传达给相关利益攸关方；甚至耳鼻喉科医生也不熟悉流行病学数据。我们希望汇编已知研究，从儿科数据开始建立一个流行病学基线。
从医学数据库和疾病控制与预防中心的报告中检索相关文献。
对包含儿科听力损失的候选文章和国家数据集进行分析和比较。尽可能进行分组分析。
美国新生儿听力损失的平均发病率为每1000名婴儿中有1.1例，各州之间存在差异（每1000名中有0.22至3.61例）。儿童和青少年的患病率存在差异。根据可比听力筛查研究的平均值，轻度听力障碍或更严重（>20分贝）的患病率为3.1%；自我报告的患病率为1.9%。西班牙裔美国人的听力障碍患病率高于其他儿童。与高收入家庭相比，低收入家庭的听力损失患病率更高。在各项研究中，遗传原因占23%。
数据分析揭示了我们在听力损失流行病学知识方面的差距，并强调了对听力障碍进行一致定义对于系统评估随时间变化的重要性。儿童听力损失值得进一步进行流行病学调查，并提高医疗保健专业人员和公众的认识。在本综述中，遗传病因可能被低估了。
