Characterization of DNA chips by nanogold staining.

DNA microarray is an important tool in biomedical research. Up to now, there are no chips that can allow both quality analysis and hybridization using the same chip. It is risky to draw conclusions from results of different chips if there is no knowledge of the quality of the chips before hybridization. In this article, we report a colorimetric method to do quality control on an array. The quality analysis of probe spots can be obtained by using gold nanoparticles with positive charges to label DNA through electrostatic attraction. The probe spots can also be detected by a simple personal computer scanner. Gold nanoparticles deposited on a glass surface can be dissolved in bromine-bromide solution. The same microarray treated with gold particles staining and destaining can still be used for hybridization with nearly the same efficiency. This approach makes quality control of a microarray chip feasible and should be a valuable tool for biomarker discovery in the future.