Knox Kjersti E, Getzin Anne, Bergum Alison, McBride Patrick, Rieselbach Richard, Friedsam Donna
University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 760 WARF Building, 610 Walnut St, Madison, WI 53726, USA.
WMJ. 2008 Dec;107(8):369-73.
To identify factors that influence specialty choice among Wisconsin medical students and provide insight into approaches to encourage more students to pursue careers in primary care.
The importance of several factors in medical student career choice was surveyed using a Web survey convenience sample of all Wisconsin medical students. Students intending to pursue a career in primary care and in other specialties were compared.
Respondents, regardless of specialty choice or gender, identified a similar group of factors as highly influential, and similar group of factors as non-influential in their decision-making. However, significantly more primary care students than other specialty students considered interest in underserved populations, relationships with patients, scope of practice, and role models important in their career choice. Significantly more primary care students than other specialty students responded that salary and competitiveness were "not at all" important. A greater number of other specialty students than primary care students stated that interest in scope of practice, role models, and training years were "not at all" important. Debt-related factors were reported as "not at all" important by nearly one-third of respondents.
Although primary care and other specialty students report making their career plans based on the impact of similar factors, significant differences between primary care and other specialty students were reported in key areas. These results validate many previously reported factors, and indicate that salary and years of training may have been overemphasized in understanding student career choice. The results of this survey may be useful for Wisconsin medical schools in order to sustain, support, and foster student interest in primary care.
确定影响威斯康星州医学生专业选择的因素，并深入了解鼓励更多学生从事初级保健职业的方法。
通过对所有威斯康星州医学生进行网络调查便利样本，调查了几个因素在医学生职业选择中的重要性。比较了打算从事初级保健职业和其他专业的学生。
无论专业选择或性别如何，受访者都确定了一组相似的因素在其决策中具有高度影响力，以及一组相似的因素在决策中没有影响力。然而，与其他专业的学生相比，显著更多的初级保健专业学生认为对服务不足人群的兴趣、与患者的关系、执业范围和榜样在他们的职业选择中很重要。与其他专业的学生相比，显著更多的初级保健专业学生表示薪资和竞争力“完全不”重要。与初级保健专业学生相比，更多其他专业的学生表示对执业范围、榜样和培训年限的兴趣“完全不”重要。近三分之一的受访者表示与债务相关的因素“完全不”重要。
尽管初级保健专业学生和其他专业学生报告称他们的职业规划是基于相似因素的影响，但在关键领域，初级保健专业学生和其他专业学生之间存在显著差异。这些结果验证了许多先前报道的因素，并表明在理解学生职业选择时，薪资和培训年限可能被过度强调了。这项调查的结果可能对威斯康星州的医学院校有用，以便维持、支持和培养学生对初级保健的兴趣。
