Franks I M, Stanley M L
Physical Education and Recreation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Can J Psychol. 1991 Sep;45(3):303-20. doi: 10.1037/h0084294.
The concept of invariant relative timing has typically been associated with the concept of a generalized motor programme. The present study approaches the phenomenon of invariant relative timing from the perspective of learning. The underlying question of concern for this study was, "What is learned." The specific question was whether relative timing is one of the essential properties of movement that is learned during skill acquisition. In the present experiment, subjects were given extensive practice in learning to track and reproduce a criterion waveform using a joystick control for their response. In order to test whether subjects learn the relative timing of a movement, they were transferred to tracking waveforms that were identical to the criterion in terms of relative timing, but different in terms of absolute timing. Measurements were taken on all waveforms in two conditions: (a) in a pursuit tracking condition where subjects were temporally constrained by the stimulus, and (b) in a reproduction condition where subjects' timing was not constrained. The outcome from both conditions gives support to the idea that humans learn invariant relative timing during the acquisition of a motor skill.
不变相对时间的概念通常与广义运动程序的概念相关联。本研究从学习的角度探讨不变相对时间现象。本研究关注的根本问题是“学习的是什么”。具体问题是相对时间是否是技能习得过程中所学运动的基本属性之一。在本实验中，让受试者进行大量练习，使用操纵杆控制响应来学习跟踪和重现标准波形。为了测试受试者是否学习了运动的相对时间，将他们转移到跟踪在相对时间方面与标准相同但绝对时间不同的波形上。在两种条件下对所有波形进行测量：(a) 在追踪跟踪条件下，受试者在时间上受到刺激的限制；(b) 在重现条件下，受试者的时间不受限制。两种条件下的结果都支持这样一种观点，即人类在运动技能习得过程中学习不变相对时间。
