Ma Xiaoju Max, Blenis John
Department of Research Oncology Diagnostics, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA.
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2009 May;10(5):307-18. doi: 10.1038/nrm2672. Epub 2009 Apr 2.
The process of translation requires substantial cellular resources. Cells have therefore evolved complex mechanisms to control overall protein synthesis as well as the translation of specific mRNAs that are crucial for cell growth and proliferation. At the heart of this process is the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway, which senses and responds to nutrient availability, energy sufficiency, stress, hormones and mitogens to modulate protein synthesis. Here, we highlight recent findings on the regulators and effectors of mTOR and discuss specific cases that serve as paradigms for the different modes of mTOR regulation and its control of translation.
翻译过程需要大量的细胞资源。因此，细胞进化出了复杂的机制来控制整体蛋白质合成以及对细胞生长和增殖至关重要的特定mRNA的翻译。这一过程的核心是雷帕霉素的哺乳动物靶点（mTOR）信号通路，该通路感知并响应营养物质的可用性、能量充足性、压力、激素和有丝分裂原，以调节蛋白质合成。在这里，我们重点介绍了关于mTOR调节剂和效应器的最新发现，并讨论了作为mTOR不同调节模式及其对翻译控制范例的具体案例。
