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评价 PENFAST——一种用于光子和电子放射治疗计划中剂量计算的快速蒙特卡罗代码。

Evaluation of PENFAST--a fast Monte Carlo code for dose calculations in photon and electron radiotherapy treatment planning.

机构信息

CEA, LIST, Département des Technologies du Capteur et du Signal, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.

出版信息

Phys Med. 2010 Jan;26(1):17-25. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2009.03.002. Epub 2009 Apr 1.

Abstract

The aim of the present study is to demonstrate the potential of accelerated dose calculations, using the fast Monte Carlo (MC) code referred to as PENFAST, rather than the conventional MC code PENELOPE, without losing accuracy in the computed dose. For this purpose, experimental measurements of dose distributions in homogeneous and inhomogeneous phantoms were compared with simulated results using both PENELOPE and PENFAST. The simulations and experiments were performed using a Saturne 43 linac operated at 12 MV (photons), and at 18 MeV (electrons). Pre-calculated phase space files (PSFs) were used as input data to both the PENELOPE and PENFAST dose simulations. Since depth-dose and dose profile comparisons between simulations and measurements in water were found to be in good agreement (within +/-1% to 1 mm), the PSF calculation is considered to have been validated. In addition, measured dose distributions were compared to simulated results in a set of clinically relevant, inhomogeneous phantoms, consisting of lung and bone heterogeneities in a water tank. In general, the PENFAST results agree to within a 1% to 1 mm difference with those produced by PENELOPE, and to within a 2% to 2 mm difference with measured values. Our study thus provides a pre-clinical validation of the PENFAST code. It also demonstrates that PENFAST provides accurate results for both photon and electron beams, equivalent to those obtained with PENELOPE. CPU time comparisons between both MC codes show that PENFAST is generally about 9-21 times faster than PENELOPE.

摘要

本研究的目的是展示使用快速蒙特卡罗(MC)代码 PENFAST 进行加速剂量计算的潜力,而不是使用常规 MC 代码 PENELOPE,同时在计算剂量时不会降低准确性。为此,使用 PENELOPE 和 PENFAST 对均匀和非均匀体模中的剂量分布进行了实验测量和模拟比较。模拟和实验都是在 Saturne 43 直线加速器上进行的,加速器的工作电压分别为 12 MV(光子)和 18 MeV(电子)。使用预先计算的相空间文件(PSFs)作为输入数据,分别用于 PENELOPE 和 PENFAST 的剂量模拟。由于在水中模拟和测量之间的深度剂量和剂量分布比较结果非常吻合(相差在 1%到 1 毫米之间),因此认为 PSF 计算已经得到了验证。此外,还将测量的剂量分布与一系列临床相关的非均匀体模中的模拟结果进行了比较,这些体模由水箱中的肺和骨不均匀性组成。总体而言,PENFAST 的结果与 PENELOPE 产生的结果相差在 1%到 1 毫米之间,与测量值相差在 2%到 2 毫米之间。因此,我们的研究为 PENFAST 代码提供了临床前验证。它还表明 PENFAST 可提供光子和电子束的准确结果,与 PENELOPE 获得的结果相当。对两种 MC 代码的 CPU 时间比较表明,PENFAST 通常比 PENELOPE 快 9-21 倍。

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