Duffield Jaime A, Vuocolo Tony, Tellam Ross, McFarlane Jim R, Kauter Kate G, Muhlhausler Beverly S, McMillen I Caroline
Discipline of Physiology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.
Pediatr Res. 2009 Jul;66(1):59-65. doi: 10.1203/PDR.0b013e3181a7c121.
Being born small is associated with an increased risk of visceral obesity and insulin resistance in adult life. We have investigated the effect of IUGR on adipogenic and lipogenic gene expression in visceral fat in the lamb at 3 wk of age. Perirenal fat mass, but not adipocyte size was greater in females than males, independent of birth weight. Plasma insulin concentrations during the first 24 h after birth predicted the size of the adipocytes and expression of adiponectin in visceral adipose tissue in both males and females. In females, plasma nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) concentrations during the first 24 h after birth were directly related to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) mRNA expression in the perirenal fat depot at 3 wk of age. In the males, in contrast to the females, PPARgamma and leptin expression in perirenal visceral fat were significantly lower in IUGR compared with control lambs. Thus, the early nutritional environment programs adipocyte growth and gene expression in visceral adipose tissue. The differential effect of sex and IUGR on PPARgamma and leptin expression in visceral fat may be important in the subsequent development of visceral obesity and the insulin resistant phenotype in later life.
出生时体重较轻与成年后内脏肥胖和胰岛素抵抗风险增加有关。我们研究了宫内生长受限（IUGR）对3周龄羔羊内脏脂肪中脂肪生成和脂质生成基因表达的影响。无论出生体重如何，雌性羔羊的肾周脂肪量均高于雄性，但脂肪细胞大小无差异。出生后24小时内的血浆胰岛素浓度可预测雄性和雌性羔羊内脏脂肪组织中脂肪细胞的大小和脂联素的表达。在雌性羔羊中，出生后24小时内的血浆非酯化脂肪酸（NEFA）浓度与3周龄时肾周脂肪库中过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ（PPARγ）mRNA的表达直接相关。与雌性相反，在雄性羔羊中，与对照羔羊相比，IUGR组肾周内脏脂肪中的PPARγ和瘦素表达显著降低。因此，早期营养环境可调节内脏脂肪组织中脂肪细胞的生长和基因表达。性别和IUGR对内脏脂肪中PPARγ和瘦素表达的差异影响可能对后期生活中内脏肥胖和胰岛素抵抗表型的后续发展具有重要意义。
