Minovi A, Probst G, Dazert S
Universitätsklinik für Hals-, Nasen-, Ohrenheilkunde, Kopf- und Halschirurgie, Ruhr Universität Bochum, St-Elisabeth-Hospital, Bochum, Deutschland.
HNO. 2009 Mar;57(3):273-86. doi: 10.1007/s00106-009-1888-1.
Otosclerosis can be of viral origin and in 25-50% of cases a familiar accumulation can be seen. Typically patients develop a progressive middle ear hearing loss which starts in young adulthood and which can affect one as well as both ears in up to 80% of cases. The surgical procedures of choice are stapedotomy and stapedectomy. Complications of surgery are persistent vertigo, secondary facial nerve palsy and the most severe complication is deafness in up to 1% of the cases. Even if the operation risks are low, the alternative use of a hearing aid must be offered in the initial consultation. A new technique of stapes surgery is laser-assisted stapedotomy. Necrosis of the incus process with dislocation of the prosthesis is the most common finding which necessitates stapes revision surgery. The aim of this article is to present the current scientific concept, diagnostics and therapy of otosclerosis with an emphasis on surgical treatment options.
耳硬化症可能源于病毒感染，在25%至50%的病例中可见家族聚集现象。典型的情况是，患者会出现进行性中耳听力损失，这种听力损失始于年轻成年期，在高达80%的病例中，单耳或双耳均可受累。首选的外科手术是镫骨足板切开术和镫骨切除术。手术并发症包括持续性眩晕、继发性面神经麻痹，最严重的并发症是高达1%的病例会出现耳聋。即使手术风险较低，在初次咨询时也必须提供使用助听器的替代方案。镫骨手术的一种新技术是激光辅助镫骨足板切开术。砧骨长突坏死伴假体脱位是最常见的发现，这需要进行镫骨翻修手术。本文的目的是介绍耳硬化症的当前科学概念、诊断和治疗方法，重点是手术治疗选择。
