Department of Psychology, Luther College, Decorah, IA 52101, USA.
J Sex Res. 2009 Nov-Dec;46(6):546-57. doi: 10.1080/00224490902867855.
Buss and Schmitt (1993) found empirical support for their Sexual Strategies Theory hypothesis of evolved sex differences in mating attitudes. This study hypothesized that religiosity would moderate those sex differences. Specifically, it was predicted that men high and low in religiosity would differ in mating attitudes, but it was expected that there would be fewer differences between women high and low in religiosity because of evolved preferences for longer term, more committed relationships. In Study 1, 219 college students completed questionnaires that included a single-item indicator of religiosity and short-term and long-term mating desires. Religiosity moderated sex differences in some mating preferences. In Study 2, 234 college student participants (mean age, 19.1 years) completed measures from Study 1 plus a measure of three types of religiosity: intrinsic (religion as a valuable end in itself), extrinsic (religion as a means to an end), and quest (religion as a means of questioning and doubting; Revised Religious Life Inventory-Hills, Francis, & Robbins, 2005). Intrinsic religiosity, but not extrinsic or quest, moderated sex differences in mating attitudes, especially attitudes regarding number of sexual partners in the short term. These results provide evidence that intrinsic religiosity is an individual difference variable that qualifies the differences in mating strategies hypothesized in Sexual Strategies Theory.
巴斯和施密特（1993）发现了他们的性策略理论假设的实证支持，该理论假设了在交配态度上存在进化的性别差异。本研究假设宗教信仰会调节这些性别差异。具体而言，预计宗教信仰程度高和低的男性在交配态度上会有所不同，但预计宗教信仰程度高和低的女性之间的差异会较少，因为进化偏好长期、更坚定的关系。在研究 1 中，219 名大学生完成了包括宗教信仰单一指标以及短期和长期交配欲望的问卷。宗教信仰程度调节了一些交配偏好的性别差异。在研究 2 中，234 名大学生参与者（平均年龄 19.1 岁）完成了研究 1 的测量，外加三种宗教信仰类型的测量：内在（宗教本身就是一种有价值的目的）、外在（宗教是达到目的的一种手段）和探索（宗教是质疑和怀疑的一种手段；修订后的宗教生活量表-希尔斯、弗朗西斯和罗宾斯，2005）。内在的宗教信仰，但不是外在的或探索的，调节了交配态度的性别差异，尤其是在短期中关于性伴侣数量的态度。这些结果提供了证据，表明内在的宗教信仰是一种个体差异变量，它限定了性策略理论中假设的交配策略的差异。
