Peretta Redento, Concheri Gianmaria, Comelli Daniele, Meneghello Roberto, Galzignato Pier Francesco, Ferronato Giuseppe
Dep. of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Padova, Italy.
Prog Orthod. 2008;9(2):8-19.
Current methodologies in the prevision of post-surgical features of the face in orthognathic surgery are mainly 2-D. An improvement is certainly given by the introduction of CT, but its acceptance is controversial due to its high biological cost. As an alternative, in this study an effective procedure for the construction of a 3-D textured digital model of the face and dental arches of patients with dentofacial malformations using a 3-D laser scanner at no biological cost is presented.
A 3-D Laser scanner Konica-Minolta VIVID 910 is used to obtain multiple scans from different perspectives of the face of patients with dentofacial malocclusions requiring orthognathic surgery. These multiple views are then recombined, integrating also the maxillary and mandibular arch plaster casts, to obtain the 3-D textured model of the face and occlusion with minimal error.
A viable methodology was identified for the face and occlusal modeling of orthognathic patients and validated in a test case, confirming its effectiveness: the 3-D model created accurately describes the actual features of the patient's face; the proposed methodology can be easily applied in the clinical routine to accurately record the steps of the surgical treatment and to perform accurate anthropometric analyses of the facial morphology, and thus constitute the necessary database for the development of previsional tools in orthognathic surgery.
The proposed method is effective in recording all the morphological facial features of patients with dentofacial malformations, to develop a facial modification database and tools for virtual surgery.
目前正颌外科手术中预测面部术后特征的方法主要是二维的。计算机断层扫描（CT）的引入确实带来了改进，但由于其高昂的生物成本，其应用存在争议。作为一种替代方法，本研究提出了一种有效的程序，使用三维激光扫描仪，无需承担生物成本，即可构建牙颌面畸形患者面部和牙弓的三维纹理数字模型。
使用柯尼卡美能达VIVID 910三维激光扫描仪，从需要正颌手术的牙颌面畸形患者面部的不同角度进行多次扫描。然后将这些多个视图进行重组，并整合上颌和下颌牙弓石膏模型，以获得误差最小的面部和咬合的三维纹理模型。
确定了一种适用于正颌患者面部和咬合建模的可行方法，并在一个测试案例中得到验证，证实了其有效性：创建的三维模型准确地描述了患者面部的实际特征；所提出的方法可以很容易地应用于临床常规，以准确记录手术治疗步骤，并对面部形态进行准确的人体测量分析，从而构成正颌外科手术中预测工具开发所需的数据库。
所提出的方法有效地记录了牙颌面畸形患者的所有面部形态特征，以建立面部修改数据库和虚拟手术工具。
